Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/krukkju

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *krukjō, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *grewg-.

Noun

*krukkju f

curved staff
crutch

Inflection

ō-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*krukkju
Genitive	*krukkjā
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*krukkju	*krukkjō
Accusative	*krukkjā	*krukkjā
Genitive	*krukkjā	*krukkjō
Dative	*krukkjē	krukkjōm, krukkjum
Instrumental	*krukkju	krukkjōm, krukkjum

Descendants

Old English: cryċċ, criċċ, cryċ
- Middle English: crucche, croch, croche, crouch, cruche
  - English: crutch
  - Scots: crutch
Old Frisian: *krukk, *krekk, *krek
- Saterland Frisian: Krukke, Kruke (possibly from Low German)
- West Frisian: kruk (possibly from Dutch)
Old Saxon: krukka
- Middle Low German: krucke, krocke, krücke
  - German Low German: Krück
  - Low German: krukke, Krükke, Krück
  - → Danish: krykke
  - → Old Swedish: krykkia
    - Swedish: krycka
  - → Norwegian: krykke, krykkje
Old Dutch: *krukka
- Middle Dutch: crucke, cricke, crocke
  - Dutch: kruk
Old High German: krucka, *krukkja (Lombardic)
- Middle High German: krücke
  - German: Krücke
- → Italian: gruccia (from Lombardic)
→ Latin: crucia, crucea, cruccia, crucca, croccia
- Italo-Romance:
  - Italian: croccia (Tuscan and central dialects)
  - Neapolitan: croccia, corcia, crocia
  - Sicilian: crozza
- Padanian:
  - Piedmontese: cròssa
- Northern Gallo-Romance:
  - Franco-Provençal: crosse, croche
  - Old French: crosse
    - Middle French: crosse
      - French: crosse
- Southern Gallo-Romance:
  - Old Occitan: cròça
    - Occitan: cròça