Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/krodu

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Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/krodu

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Alternative forms

• *kredu, *kroddu, *krottu

Etymology

Unknown; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷredʰ-, compare Ancient Greek βάτραχος (bátrakhos, “frog”), Ionic Greek βρόταχος (brótakhos, “frog”).[1]

Noun

*krodu f

1. toad

   Synonyms: *paddā, *ūkā

Declension

ō-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*krodu
Genitive	*krodā
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*krodu	*krodō
Accusative	*krodā	*krodā
Genitive	*krodā	*krodō
Dative	*krodē	*krodōm
Instrumental	*krodu	*krodōm

Descendants

• Old Saxon: *kroda
  • Middle Low German: krode, krōde, krāde, kröde
    • →? Icelandic: karta
    • → Swedish: groda
• Old Dutch: *kroda, *kreda
  • Middle Dutch: krode, crade, krede
    • Dutch: krodde
• Old High German: krota, kreta, chrota
  • Middle High German: krote, krotte, kröte, krëte
    • Alemannic German: Chrott, Chrotte
    • German: Kröte
    • Hunsrik: Krott

Further reading

• Friedrich Kluge (1989), “Kröte”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 415
• Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*krud(d)ōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 306

References

1. Kroonen, Guus (2011) The Proto-Germanic n-stems: A study in diachronic morphophonology, Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 346-349: “*kredo, *kruttaz 'toad'”