< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kreupan
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *kreupaną.
Verb
*kreupan
- to creep, to crawl
Inflection
| Strong class 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *kreupan | |
| 1st sg. past | *kraup | |
| 3rd pl. past | *krupun | |
| Past ptcple | *kropan | |
| Infinitive | *kreupan | |
| Genitive infin. | *kreupannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *kreupannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *kreupannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *kreupu | *kraup |
| 2nd singular | *kriupiʀi | *krupī |
| 3rd singular | *kriupidi | *kraup |
| 1st plural | *kreupum | *krupum |
| 2nd plural | *kriupid | *krupud |
| 3rd plural | *kreupand | *krupun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *kreupē | *krupī |
| 2nd singular | *kreupēs | *krupī |
| 3rd singular | *kreupē | *krupī |
| 1st plural | *kreupēm | *krupīm |
| 2nd plural | *kreupēþ | *krupīd |
| 3rd plural | *kreupēn | *krupīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *kreup | |
| Plural | *kriupid | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *kreupandī | *kropan |
Descendants
- Old English: crēopan
- Middle English: crepen
- Scots: crepe, creip
- English: creep
- Middle English: crepen
- Old Frisian: krūpa, kriāpa, kriēpa, krēpa
- Old East Frisian: crjippa
- Saterland Frisian: kjoope
- West Frisian: krippe, krûpe
- Old East Frisian: crjippa
- Old Saxon: kriopan
- Middle Low German: krēpen, krūpen
- Low German: krepen, krupen
- Middle Low German: krēpen, krūpen
- Old Dutch: *crūpan
- Middle Dutch: crupen
- Dutch: kruipen
- Limburgish: kroepe
- Middle Dutch: crupen
- Old High German: kriofan, *krūfan
- Middle High German: kriefen, krūfen
- German: kraufen, krüpfen
- Alemannic German: chrüpfen
- Central Franconian: kruffe
- Middle High German: kriefen, krūfen