Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/krattōn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gred- (compare Albanian gërresë ‘rasp, scraper’).

Verb

*krattōn

to scratch, scrawl

Conjugation

Class 2 weak
Infinitive	*krattōn
1st sg. past	*krattōdā
Infinitive	*krattōn
Genitive infin.	*krattōnijas
Dative infin.	*krattōnijē
Instrum. infin.	*krattōniju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*krattō	*krattōdā
2nd singular	*krattōs	krattōdēs, krattōdōs
3rd singular	*krattōþ	krattōdē, krattōdā
1st plural	*krattōm	*krattōdum
2nd plural	*krattōþ	*krattōdud
3rd plural	*krattōnþ	*krattōdun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*krattō	*krattōdī
2nd singular	*krattōs	*krattōdī
3rd singular	*krattō	*krattōdī
1st plural	*krattōm	*krattōdīm
2nd plural	*krattōþ	*krattōdīd
3rd plural	*krattōn	*krattōdīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*krattō
Plural	*krattōþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*krattōndī	*krattōd

Related terms

*krattijan

Descendants

Old Saxon: *krattōn
- Middle Low German: kratten
  - → Swedish: kratta
→ Old French: gratter, grater
- Middle French: gratter
  - French: gratter
- → Middle English: graten
  - English: grate
- → Italian: grattare
- → Catalan: gratar
- → Piedmontese: graté
Old High German: krazzōn, crazōn
- Middle High German: kratzen, kretzen
  - German: kratzen
    - → Hungarian: karcol
  - Hunsrik: kratze
  - Luxembourgish: krazen
  - Yiddish: קראַצן‎ (kratsn)
  - → Middle Low German: kratzen, krassen, kratschen
    - → Middle English: cracchen, cratchen
      - English: cratch
      - ⇒ English: scratch (through merger with scrat)
    - → Saterland Frisian: kratsje
    - → Danish: kradse
    - → Old Norse: krassa
      - Icelandic: krassa
  - → Middle Dutch: cratsen, cretsen
    - Dutch: krassen