< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/klawēn
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From *klawu (“claw”) + *-ēn.[1]
Verb
*klawēn
- to scratch
Inflection
Class 3 weak | ||
---|---|---|
Infinitive | *klawēn | |
1st sg. past | *klaw?dā | |
Infinitive | *klawēn | |
Genitive infin. | *klawēnijas | |
Dative infin. | *klawēnijē | |
Instrum. infin. | *klawēniju | |
Indicative | Present | Past |
1st singular | *klawē | *klaw?dā |
2nd singular | *klawēs | *klaw?dēs, *klaw?dēs |
3rd singular | *klawēþ | *klaw?dē, *klaw?dā |
1st plural | *klawēm | *klaw?dum |
2nd plural | *klawēþ | *klaw?dud |
3rd plural | *klawēnþ | *klaw?dun |
Subjunctive | Present | Past |
1st singular | *klawē | *klaw?dī |
2nd singular | *klawēs | *klaw?dī |
3rd singular | *klawē | *klaw?dī |
1st plural | *klawēm | *klaw?dīm |
2nd plural | *klawēþ | *klaw?dīd |
3rd plural | *klawēn | *klaw?dīn |
Imperative | Present | |
Singular | *klawē | |
Plural | *klawēþ | |
Present | Past | |
Participle | *klawēndī | *klaw?d |
Descendants
Later descendants seem to conflate this verb with *klauwjan.
- Old English: clawian
- Middle English: clawen
- English: claw
- Middle English: clawen
- Old Saxon: *clawōn
- Middle Low German: klâwen
- Old Dutch: *clouen
- Middle Dutch: clouwen
- Dutch: klauwen
- Middle Dutch: clouwen
- Old High German: klawēn, chlawēn
- Middle High German: *klauen
- German: klauen
- Middle High German: *klauen
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*klawō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 292: “*klawēn-”