< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kalljan
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From *kali (“cold, coldness”) + *-jan.
Verb
*kalljan
- To freeze
- To feel cold or chilly
Inflection
| Class 1 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *kalljan | |
| 1st sg. past | *kaldā | |
| Infinitive | *kalljan | |
| Genitive infin. | *kalljannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *kalljannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *kalljannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *kallju | *kaldā |
| 2nd singular | *kalisi | *kaldēs, *kaldōs |
| 3rd singular | *kaliþi | *kaldē, *kaldā |
| 1st plural | *kalljum | *kaldum |
| 2nd plural | *kaliþ | *kaldud |
| 3rd plural | *kalljanþ | *kaldun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *kalljē | *kaldī |
| 2nd singular | *kalljēs | *kaldī |
| 3rd singular | *kalljē | *kaldī |
| 1st plural | *kalljēm | *kaldīm |
| 2nd plural | *kalljēþ | *kaldīd |
| 3rd plural | *kalljēn | *kaldīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *kali | |
| Plural | *kaliþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *kalljandī | *kald |
Descendants
- Old English: *ciellan
- Middle English: chillen
- English: chill
- ⇒ Old English: forciellan
- Middle English: chillen
- Old High German: *kellen
- Middle High German: kellen