Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hulis

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Unknown; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂- (“to sting, prick”)[1][2], or perhaps borrowed from some substrate language[3]. Compare Old English holen (“holly”), Old Norse hulfr (“holly”), Proto-Celtic *kolinos (“holly tree”) (whence Old Irish cuilenn, Welsh celyn).

Noun

*hulis m

holly

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*hulis
Genitive	*hulisas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*hulis	hulisō, hulisōs
Accusative	*hulis	*hulisā
Genitive	*hulisas	*hulisō
Dative	*hulisē	*hulisum
Instrumental	*hulisu	*hulisum

Descendants

Old Saxon: hulis
- Middle Low German: hüls
  - German Low German:
    Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Hülse
    Sauerländisch: Hulse, Hulle, Hülse, Huse
Old Dutch: *hulis
- Middle Dutch: huls, hulst f
  - Dutch: hulst
Old High German: hulis, huls, hulisa, huliso
- Middle High German: huls
  - German: Hülse f, Hulst m, Holst m, Hülsen m, Hulse f, Hulsenbaum, Hulsenstrauch, Hülst, Holch, Hulsch, Hülsenstrauch, Hülsenbaum, Hülsekraut, Hubze
→ Old French: hous (see there for further descendants)

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959), “2. kel-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 545
Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 376
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hulisa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 253

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “2. kel-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 545

[2] Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 376

[3] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hulisa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 253