< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hringijan
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *hringijaną.
Verb
*hringijan
- to ring, to sound
Inflection
| Class 1 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *hringijan | |
| 1st sg. past | *hringidā | |
| Infinitive | *hringijan | |
| Genitive infin. | *hringijannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *hringijannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *hringijannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *hringiju | *hringidā |
| 2nd singular | *hringisi | *hringidēs, *hringidōs |
| 3rd singular | *hringiþi | *hringidē, *hringidā |
| 1st plural | *hringijum | *hringidum |
| 2nd plural | *hringiþ | *hringidud |
| 3rd plural | *hringijanþ | *hringidun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *hringijē | *hringidī |
| 2nd singular | *hringijēs | *hringidī |
| 3rd singular | *hringijē | *hringidī |
| 1st plural | *hringijēm | *hringidīm |
| 2nd plural | *hringijēþ | *hringidīd |
| 3rd plural | *hringijēn | *hringidīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *hringi | |
| Plural | *hringiþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *hringijandī | *hringid |
Descendants
- Old English: hringan
- Middle English: ringen, ryngen
- Scots: ring
- English: ring
- Middle English: ringen, ryngen
- Old Frisian: *ringa
- North Frisian: ringe
- Old Dutch: *ringen
- Middle Dutch: ringen, ringhen
- Dutch: ringen; rinkelen; rinkinken
- Afrikaans: ring
- Dutch: ringen; rinkelen; rinkinken
- Middle Dutch: ringen, ringhen
- Old High German: hringan, ringan