Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hlaupan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hlaupaną.

Verb

*hlaupan

to jump forward, to leap

Inflection

Class 7b strong
Infinitive	*hlaupan
1st sg. past	*hleup
3rd pl. past	*hleupun
Past ptcple	*hlaupan
Infinitive	*hlaupan
Genitive infin.	*hlaupannjas
Dative infin.	*hlaupannjē
Instrum. infin.	*hlaupannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*hlaupu	*hleup
2nd singular	*hlaupiʀi	*hleupī
3rd singular	*hlaupidi	*hleup
1st plural	*hlaupum	*hleupum
2nd plural	*hlaupid	*hleupud
3rd plural	*hlaupand	*hleupun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*hlaupē	*hleupī
2nd singular	*hlaupēs	*hleupī
3rd singular	*hlaupē	*hleupī
1st plural	*hlaupēm	*hleupīm
2nd plural	*hlaupēþ	*hleupīd
3rd plural	*hlaupēn	*hleupīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*hlaup
Plural	*hlaupid
	Present	Past
Participle	*hlaupandī	*hlaupan

Descendants

Old English: hlēapan
- Middle English: lepen
  - English: leap
  - Scots: lepe, leip, leap
Old Frisian: hlāpa
- Saterland Frisian: loope
- West Frisian: ljeppe
Old Saxon: hlōpan
- Middle Low German: lôpen
  - Low German: lopen
Old Dutch: lōpan
- Middle Dutch: lôpen
  - Dutch: lopen
    - Afrikaans: loop
  - Limburgish: loupe
- → Central Franconian: loope
Old High German: hloufan, loufan
- Middle High German: loufen
  - Alemannic German: laufe, lauffe, loufe
    Swabian: laufe
    Vorarlbergisch: loufa
  - Bavarian: laffa
    Cimbrian: loavan, lóofan
    Mòcheno: [Term?]
  - Central Franconian: loofe, laafe
    Hunsrik: laafe
    Kölsch: laufe, loufe
    Luxembourgish: lafen
  - East Central German:
    Erzgebirgisch: laafn
    Upper Saxon: loofen
    Vilamovian: łaojfa
  - East Franconian: [Term?]
  - German: laufen
  - Rhine Franconian:
    Pennsylvania German: laafe
  - Yiddish: לויפֿן‎ (loyfn)