< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/helpan
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *helpaną.
Verb
*helpan
- to help
Inflection
Class 3 strong | ||
---|---|---|
Infinitive | *helpan | |
1st sg. past | *halp | |
3rd pl. past | *hulpun | |
Past ptcple | *holpan | |
Infinitive | *helpan | |
Genitive infin. | *helpannjas | |
Dative infin. | *helpannjē | |
Instrum. infin. | *helpannju | |
Indicative | Present | Past |
1st singular | *helpu | *halp |
2nd singular | *hilpiʀi | *hulpī |
3rd singular | *hilpidi | *halp |
1st plural | *helpum | *hulpum |
2nd plural | *hilpid | *hulpud |
3rd plural | *helpand | *hulpun |
Subjunctive | Present | Past |
1st singular | *helpē | *hulpī |
2nd singular | *helpēs | *hulpī |
3rd singular | *helpē | *hulpī |
1st plural | *helpēm | *hulpīm |
2nd plural | *helpēþ | *hulpīd |
3rd plural | *helpēn | *hulpīn |
Imperative | Present | |
Singular | *help | |
Plural | *hilpid | |
Present | Past | |
Participle | *helpandī | *holpan |
Descendants
- Old English: helpan
- Middle English: helpen, help, elp, helpi, healpe, heolpe, halpen, hælpan
- English: help
- Scots: help
- Middle English: helpen, help, elp, helpi, healpe, heolpe, halpen, hælpan
- Old Frisian: helpa
- North Frisian: heelpe
- Saterland Frisian: hälpe
- West Frisian: helpe
- Old Saxon: helpan
- Middle Low German: helpen
- German Low German: helpen, hölpen
- Middle Low German: helpen
- Old Dutch: helpan
- Middle Dutch: helpen
- Dutch: helpen
- Afrikaans: help
- Limburgish: hèlpe
- Dutch: helpen
- Middle Dutch: helpen
- Old High German: helfan
- Middle High German: hëlfen
- Central Franconian: hellepe
- German: helfen
- Luxembourgish: hëllefen
- Yiddish: העלפֿן (helfn)
- Middle High German: hëlfen