Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/helpan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *helpaną.

Verb

*helpan

to help

Inflection

Class 3 strong
Infinitive	*helpan
1st sg. past	*halp
3rd pl. past	*hulpun
Past ptcple	*holpan
Infinitive	*helpan
Genitive infin.	*helpannjas
Dative infin.	*helpannjē
Instrum. infin.	*helpannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*helpu	*halp
2nd singular	*hilpiʀi	*hulpī
3rd singular	*hilpidi	*halp
1st plural	*helpum	*hulpum
2nd plural	*hilpid	*hulpud
3rd plural	*helpand	*hulpun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*helpē	*hulpī
2nd singular	*helpēs	*hulpī
3rd singular	*helpē	*hulpī
1st plural	*helpēm	*hulpīm
2nd plural	*helpēþ	*hulpīd
3rd plural	*helpēn	*hulpīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*help
Plural	*hilpid
	Present	Past
Participle	*helpandī	*holpan

Descendants

Old English: helpan
- Middle English: helpen, help, elp, helpi, healpe, heolpe, halpen, hælpan
  - English: help
  - Scots: help
Old Frisian: helpa
- North Frisian: heelpe
- Saterland Frisian: hälpe
- West Frisian: helpe
Old Saxon: helpan
- Middle Low German: helpen
  - German Low German: helpen, hölpen
Old Dutch: helpan
- Middle Dutch: helpen
  - Dutch: helpen
    - Afrikaans: help
  - Limburgish: hèlpe
Old High German: helfan
- Middle High German: hëlfen
  - Central Franconian: hellepe
  - German: helfen
  - Luxembourgish: hëllefen
  - Yiddish: העלפֿן‎ (helfn)