< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hebun
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
Possibly from Proto-Germanic *hebnaz, from earlier *hemnaz with nasal dissimilation, either syncopated from or a parallel formation of *himinaz and doublet with *himil (“sky; heaven”).[1][2][3]
Noun
*hebun m[4]
- (North Sea Germanic) sky
- Synonyms: *himil, *luftu
- (North Sea Germanic) heaven
- Synonym: *himil
Inflection
Masculine a-stem | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | ||
Nominative | *hebun | |
Genitive | *hebunas | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | *hebun | *hebunō, *hebunōs |
Accusative | *hebun | *hebunā |
Genitive | *hebunas | *hebunō |
Dative | *hebunē | *hebunum |
Instrumental | *hebunu | *hebunum |
Alternative reconstructions
- *hebn
Descendants
- Old English: heofon, hefæn, heben, hefon, heafun, heofen, heofun, heofan, hiofon; heofene, heofone
- Middle English: hevene, efne, even, evne, heaven, hefne, heoven, heovene, heven, hevyn, hewn, hewne; hæfene, hæfne, hæven, heffne, heofen, heofne, heofon, hoven; heeven, hefen, heiven, heivin, hevin, hewuyn, heyven, hewen, hewyn
- English: heaven, Heaven
- Scots: heiven, Heiven
- Yola: heaaven, heoven
- Middle English: hevene, efne, even, evne, heaven, hefne, heoven, heovene, heven, hevyn, hewn, hewne; hæfene, hæfne, hæven, heffne, heofen, heofne, heofon, hoven; heeven, hefen, heiven, heivin, hevin, hewuyn, heyven, hewen, hewyn
- Old Saxon: hevan, heban
- Middle Low German: hêben, hêven
- German Low German:
- Altmärkisch: Häw'n
- Westphalian:
- Dortmunder: Hēäwen
- Lippisch: Heben
- Ravensbergisch: Hewwen
- Sauerländisch: Hiäwen, Hiawen (Olpe)
- German Low German:
- Middle Low German: hêben, hêven
- Old High German: heban
- Middle High German: hëben
References
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), “3. k̂em-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 556-557
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hemina- ~ *hemna-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 220
- Boutkan, Dirk; Siebinga, Sjoerd (2005), “himul”, in Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 1), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 172-173
- Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 272: “northern WGmc *hebun”