Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hebun

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Germanic *hebnaz, from earlier *hemnaz with nasal dissimilation, either syncopated from or a parallel formation of *himinaz and doublet with *himil (“sky; heaven”).[1][2][3]

Noun

*hebun m[4]

(North Sea Germanic) sky
Synonyms: *himil, *luftu
(North Sea Germanic) heaven
Synonym: *himil

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*hebun
Genitive	*hebunas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*hebun	hebunō, hebunōs
Accusative	*hebun	*hebunā
Genitive	*hebunas	*hebunō
Dative	*hebunē	*hebunum
Instrumental	*hebunu	*hebunum

Alternative reconstructions

*hebn

Descendants

Old English: heofon, hefæn, heben, hefon, heafun, heofen, heofun, heofan, hiofon; heofene, heofone
- Middle English: hevene, efne, even, evne, heaven, hefne, heoven, heovene, heven, hevyn, hewn, hewne; hæfene, hæfne, hæven, heffne, heofen, heofne, heofon, hoven; heeven, hefen, heiven, heivin, hevin, hewuyn, heyven, hewen, hewyn
  - English: heaven, Heaven
  - Scots: heiven, Heiven
  - Yola: heaaven, heoven
Old Saxon: hevan, heban
- Middle Low German: hêben, hêven
  - German Low German:
    Altmärkisch: Häw'n
    Westphalian:
    Dortmunder: Hēäwen
    Lippisch: Heben
    Ravensbergisch: Hewwen
    Sauerländisch: Hiäwen, Hiawen (Olpe)
Old High German: heban
- Middle High German: hëben

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959), “3. k̂em-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 556-557
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hemina- ~ *hemna-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 220
Boutkan, Dirk; Siebinga, Sjoerd (2005), “himul”, in Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 1), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 172-173
Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 272: “northern WGmc *hebun”

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “3. k̂em-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 556-557

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hemina- ~ *hemna-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 220

[3] Boutkan, Dirk; Siebinga, Sjoerd (2005), “himul”, in Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 1), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 172-173

[4] Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 272: “northern WGmc *hebun”