< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hakkōn
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *hakkōną.
Verb
*hakkōn[1]
- to hack, to chop
Inflection
| Class 2 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *hakkōn | |
| 1st sg. past | *hakkōdā | |
| Infinitive | *hakkōn | |
| Genitive infin. | *hakkōnijas | |
| Dative infin. | *hakkōnijē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *hakkōniju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *hakkō | *hakkōdā |
| 2nd singular | *hakkōs | *hakkōdēs, *hakkōdōs |
| 3rd singular | *hakkōþ | *hakkōdē, *hakkōdā |
| 1st plural | *hakkōm | *hakkōdum |
| 2nd plural | *hakkōþ | *hakkōdud |
| 3rd plural | *hakkōnþ | *hakkōdun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *hakkō | *hakkōdī |
| 2nd singular | *hakkōs | *hakkōdī |
| 3rd singular | *hakkō | *hakkōdī |
| 1st plural | *hakkōm | *hakkōdīm |
| 2nd plural | *hakkōþ | *hakkōdīd |
| 3rd plural | *hakkōn | *hakkōdīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *hakkō | |
| Plural | *hakkōþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *hakkōndī | *hakkōd |
Descendants
- Old English: *haccian
- Middle English: hakken, hacken
- Scots: hak, hack
- English: hack
- ⇒ Old English: āhaccian
- ⇒ Old English: tōhaccian
- Middle English: hakken, hacken
- Old Frisian: *hakkia, *hakia
- Saterland Frisian: häkje
- West Frisian: hakje
- ⇒ Old Frisian: tohakia, *tohakkia
- Old Saxon: *hakkōn
- Middle Low German: hacken
- German Low German: hacken
- Plautdietsch: haken
- → Danish: hakke
- → Swedish: hacka
- → Norn: hakka
- → Norwegian: hakke
- → Faroese: hakka
- → Icelandic: hakka
- → Gutnish: hakke
- Middle Low German: hacken
- Old Dutch: *hakkon, *hakon
- Middle Dutch: hakken, hāken
- Dutch: hakken
- Middle Dutch: hakken, hāken
- Old High German: hacchōn, *hakkōn
- Middle High German: hacken
- German: hacken
- → Estonian: hakkima
- German: hacken
- Middle High German: hacken
- → Old French: hacher (see there for further descendants)
References
- Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 191: “PWGmc *hakkōn”