Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/grammjan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *gramjaną. Equivalent to *gram (“furious”) +‎ *-jan.

Verb

*grammjan

to cause to be angry, provoke, irritate
to anger

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*grammjan
1st sg. past	*gramidā
Infinitive	*grammjan
Genitive infin.	*grammjannjas
Dative infin.	*grammjannjē
Instrum. infin.	*grammjannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*grammju	*gramidā
2nd singular	*gramisi	gramidēs, gramidōs
3rd singular	*gramiþi	gramidē, gramidā
1st plural	*grammjum	*gramidum
2nd plural	*gramiþ	*gramidud
3rd plural	*grammjanþ	*gramidun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*grammjē	*gramidī
2nd singular	*grammjēs	*gramidī
3rd singular	*grammjē	*gramidī
1st plural	*grammjēm	*gramidīm
2nd plural	*grammjēþ	*gramidīd
3rd plural	*grammjēn	*gramidīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*grami
Plural	*gramiþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*grammjandī	*gramid

Descendants

Old English: gremian, gremman
- Middle English: gremen
Old Frisian: *gremia, *gremma
- Saterland Frisian: grääme
Old Saxon: *gremian, *gremmian
- Middle Low German: grēmen, gremmen
Old High German: gremen, gremmen
- Middle High German: gremen
  - German: grämen