< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gnuʀnōn
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From *gruʀn (“grief”) + *-ōn (whence Old English grorn, gnorn (“grief”)) or *gnuʀn (“sad”) + *-ōn (whence Old English gnorn (“sad”)), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrus-nó-s, from *gʰrews-.[1] Cognate with Proto-Slavic *grustь (“sadness”).
Verb
*gnuʀnōn
- (North Sea Germanic) to be sad
- (North Sea Germanic) to mourn
Inflection
| Class 2 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *gnuʀnōn | |
| 1st sg. past | *gnuʀnōdā | |
| Infinitive | *gnuʀnōn | |
| Genitive infin. | *gnuʀnōnijas | |
| Dative infin. | *gnuʀnōnijē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *gnuʀnōniju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *gnuʀnō | *gnuʀnōdā |
| 2nd singular | *gnuʀnōs | *gnuʀnōdēs, *gnuʀnōdōs |
| 3rd singular | *gnuʀnōþ | *gnuʀnōdē, *gnuʀnōdā |
| 1st plural | *gnuʀnōm | *gnuʀnōdum |
| 2nd plural | *gnuʀnōþ | *gnuʀnōdud |
| 3rd plural | *gnuʀnōnþ | *gnuʀnōdun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *gnuʀnō | *gnuʀnōdī |
| 2nd singular | *gnuʀnōs | *gnuʀnōdī |
| 3rd singular | *gnuʀnō | *gnuʀnōdī |
| 1st plural | *gnuʀnōm | *gnuʀnōdīm |
| 2nd plural | *gnuʀnōþ | *gnuʀnōdīd |
| 3rd plural | *gnuʀnōn | *gnuʀnōdīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *gnuʀnō | |
| Plural | *gnuʀnōþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *gnuʀnōndī | *gnuʀnōd |
Related terms
- *gnuʀn
- Old English: grorn, gnorn
- *gruʀi
- Old English: gryre
- Old Saxon: gruri
- *greusan
- Old English: grēosan
Descendants
- Old English: gnornian, gnornan
- Middle English: nornen, nurnen
- English: norn
- Middle English: nornen, nurnen
- Old Saxon: gnornōn
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*gnuznōjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 184