Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gnagan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *gnaganą.

Verb

*gnagan

to gnaw

Inflection

Strong class 6
Infinitive	*gnagan
1st sg. past	*gnōg
3rd pl. past	*gnōgun
Past ptcple	*gnagan
Infinitive	*gnagan
Genitive infin.	*gnagannjas
Dative infin.	*gnagannjē
Instrum. infin.	*gnagannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*gnagu	*gnōg
2nd singular	*gnagiʀi	*gnōgī
3rd singular	*gnagidi	*gnōg
1st plural	*gnagum	*gnōgum
2nd plural	*gnagid	*gnōgud
3rd plural	*gnagand	*gnōgun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*gnagē	*gnōgī
2nd singular	*gnagēs	*gnōgī
3rd singular	*gnagē	*gnōgī
1st plural	*gnagēm	*gnōgīm
2nd plural	*gnagēþ	*gnōgīd
3rd plural	*gnagēn	*gnōgīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*gnag
Plural	*gnagid
	Present	Past
Participle	*gnagandī	*gnagan

Descendants

Old English: gnagan, *cnagan
- Middle English: gnaȝen, gnawen, knawen
  - Scots: gnaw, knaw
  - English: gnaw, knaw
Old Frisian: *gnaga
- Saterland Frisian: gnaue; gnauje; gnauelje
- West Frisian: gnauwe
Old Saxon: knagan, gnagan, *nagan
- Middle Low German: gnāgen, knāgen
  - German Low German: gnagen, gnauen
  - Plautdietsch: gnoagen
Old Dutch: *gnagan, *cnagan
- Middle Dutch: cnagen
  - Dutch: knagen, knauwen (possibly a contamination of knagen and kauwen)
Old High German: gnagan, knagan, nagan
- Middle High German: nagen
  - German: nagen