< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/garāfijō
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
Unknown. Possibly related to Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐍂𐌴𐍆𐍄𐍃 (gagrēfts, “decree, edict”),[1] from unattested Proto-Germanic *grēfan (“to command, dictate”) of unknown origin, or perhaps from unattested *garāfan (“to seize”), from Proto-Germanic *ga-rēfaną,[2] from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁p- (“to seize, pluck”) or *h₁rep- (“to rip, snatch, tear, pinch”) + *-jō, related to *rafjaną (“to seize, take”), *rafsijaną (“to reproach, blame”), *rōf (“famous”).
Alternatively and most likely borrowed from Ancient Greek γραφεύς (grapheús, “scribe”) via Medieval Latin graphio, grafio, gravio, -gravius.[3][4]
Noun
*garāfijō m
- count (the male ruler of a county)
- earl
- reeve, bailiff
- officer, official
Inflection
Masculine an-stem | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | ||
Nominative | *garāfijō | |
Genitive | *garāfijini, *garāfijan | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | *garāfijō | *garāfijan |
Accusative | *garāfijan | *garāfijan |
Genitive | *garāfijini, *garāfijan | *garāfijanō |
Dative | *garāfijini, *garāfijan | *garāfijum |
Instrumental | *garāfijini, *garāfijan | *garāfijum |
Alternative reconstructions
- *grāfijō
Derived terms
- Proto-West Germanic: *markagarāfijō
- Old Saxon: *marcgrāvio
- Middle Low German: markgrêve, marchgrêve, merkgrêve, markgrâve, markgraf
- Old Dutch: *marcgrāvo
- Middle Dutch: marcgrâve, marcgrêve
- Dutch: markgraaf
- Middle Dutch: marcgrâve, marcgrêve
- Old High German: marcgrāvo, markgrāfo, markgrāfio, marcgrāvio, markgrāvio
- Middle High German: marcgrāve, margrāve, marcgrāf, marcrāve, marcrāf, margrāfe, marcgrāfe
- German: Markgraf
- Middle High German: marcgrāve, margrāve, marcgrāf, marcrāve, marcrāf, margrāfe, marcgrāfe
- Old Saxon: *marcgrāvio
Descendants
- Old English: ġerēfa, groefa
- Middle English: reve (via rēfa)
- English: reeve
- Middle English: reve (via rēfa)
- Old Frisian: greva
- North Frisian: greve
- Saterland Frisian: greve
- West Frisian: greafa
- Old Saxon: grāvio
- Middle Low German: grēve, grāve
- German Low German: gräve
- Dutch Low Saxon: gråve
- → Old Norse: greifi, grefi
- Icelandic: greifi
- Faroese: greivi
- → Middle English: greyve, grafe, grave, grayve; greȝȝfe
- → Danish: greve
- → Swedish: greve
- → Norwegian Bokmål: greve
- → Norwegian Nynorsk: greve
- Middle Low German: grēve, grāve
- Old Dutch: grāvo
- Middle Dutch: grâve
- Dutch: graaf
- Middle Dutch: grâve
- Old High German: grāfio, grāfo, grāvo, grāvio, grāphio, krāvio
- Middle High German: grâve
- German: Graf
- Middle High German: grâve
- → Latin: grāfiō, garāfiō, grāffiō, grāviō[5]
Further reading
- von Richthofen, Karl (1840), “greva”, in Altfriesisches Wörterbuch [Old Frisian Dictionary] (in German), Dieterich Göttingen, pages 784-786
- Hellquist, Elof (1922), “greve”, in Svensk etymologisk ordbok [Swedish etymological dictionary] (in Swedish), Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups förlag, page 200
References
- Torp, Alf (1919), “Greive”, in Nynorsk Etymologisk Ordbok, Oslo: H. Aschehoug and Co. (W. Nygaard), page 180
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*magaþi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 346-347
- Wolfgang Pfeifer, editor (1993), “Graf”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen (in German), 2nd edition, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN
- Philippa, Marlies; Debrabandere, Frans; Quak, Arend; Schoonheim, Tanneke; van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009), “graaf1”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press
- Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976), “grafio”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: E. J. Brill, page 472