Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gadm

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Unknown, conceivably from the stem of *gadur (“together”),[1] with the rare suffix as in *bōsm, *butm, *āþm.

The semantic and formal match of African Arabic قَيْطُون‎ (qayṭūn) must be a coincidence.[2]

Noun

*gadm n or m[3]

room, chamber

Inflection

Neuter a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*gadm
Genitive	*gadmas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*gadm	*gadmu
Accusative	*gadm	*gadmu
Genitive	*gadmas	*gadmō
Dative	*gadmē	*gadmum
Instrumental	*gadmu	*gadmum

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*gadm
Genitive	*gadmas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*gadm	gadmō, gadmōs
Accusative	*gadm	*gadmā
Genitive	*gadmas	*gadmō
Dative	*gadmē	*gadmum
Instrumental	*gadmu	*gadmum

Descendants

Old Frisian: gaten, gathen
Old Dutch: *gadem
- Middle Dutch: gadem, gademe
Old Saxon: *gadem
- Middle Low German: gādem, gāden
  - Low German: Gadem, Gaden
Old High German: cadum, gadum, gadem, gadam
- Middle High German: gadem, gaden
  - German: Gaden, Gadem, Garden, Garn

References

So grouped in Fick, August (1909) Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), volume III, bearbeitet von Adalbert Bezzenberger, Hjalmar Falk, August Fick, Whitley Stokes, Alf Torp, 4th edition, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, page 123
As that can’t be acquired in the fashion of a traded item like هَيْدُورة‎ (haydūra) or كَرْزِيَّة‎ (karziyya) via Andalusian Arabic (where the pattern KāLūm was replaced with KayLūM, thus having this outcome) in view of its Aramaic attestations and as one disavows Semitic substratum of Germanic possibly preserving a Punic cognate.
- Neuter in earlier German, so reconstructed in Fick, August (1909) Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), volume III, bearbeitet von Adalbert Bezzenberger, Hjalmar Falk, August Fick, Whitley Stokes, Alf Torp, 4th edition, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, page 123
- masculine in Middle Dutch and Old Frisian, so in Köbler, Gerhard (2014), “*gadma, *gadmaz”, in Germanisches Wörterbuch, 5th edition

[1] So grouped in Fick, August (1909) Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), volume III, bearbeitet von Adalbert Bezzenberger, Hjalmar Falk, August Fick, Whitley Stokes, Alf Torp, 4th edition, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, page 123

[2] As that can’t be acquired in the fashion of a traded item like هَيْدُورة‎ (haydūra) or كَرْزِيَّة‎ (karziyya) via Andalusian Arabic (where the pattern KāLūm was replaced with KayLūM, thus having this outcome) in view of its Aramaic attestations and as one disavows Semitic substratum of Germanic possibly preserving a Punic cognate.

[3] Neuter in earlier German, so reconstructed in Fick, August (1909) Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), volume III, bearbeitet von Adalbert Bezzenberger, Hjalmar Falk, August Fick, Whitley Stokes, Alf Torp, 4th edition, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, page 123
masculine in Middle Dutch and Old Frisian, so in Köbler, Gerhard (2014), “*gadma, *gadmaz”, in Germanisches Wörterbuch, 5th edition

[4] Neuter in earlier German, so reconstructed in Fick, August (1909) Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), volume III, bearbeitet von Adalbert Bezzenberger, Hjalmar Falk, August Fick, Whitley Stokes, Alf Torp, 4th edition, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, page 123

[5] sculine in Middle Dutch and Old Frisian, so in Köbler, Gerhard (2014), “*gadma, *gadmaz”, in Germanisches Wörterbuch, 5th edition