< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gabulu
Proto-West Germanic
Alternative forms
- *gabalu
Etymology
Likely borrowed from Gaulish gabalos, gablos, from Proto-Celtic *gablā (“fork, something forked”) (i.e. a road or branch).[1]
Noun
*gabulu f[2]
- fork
- Synonym: *furkō
- pitchfork
Inflection
ō-stem | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | ||
Nominative | *gabulu | |
Genitive | *gabulā | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | *gabulu | *gabulō |
Accusative | *gabulā | *gabulā |
Genitive | *gabulā | *gabulō |
Dative | *gabulē | *gabulōm |
Instrumental | *gabulu | *gabulōm |
Descendants
- Old English: gafol, ġeafel, ġeafle
- Old Saxon: gavala, gafila
- Middle Low German: gaffel, gaffele
- Low German: Gavel, Gaffel
- → German: Gaffel (“gaff”)
- Plautdietsch: Gaufel
- → Danish: gaffel
- → Faroese: gaffil
- → Icelandic: gaffall
- → Elfdalian: gaffel
- → Gutnish: gaffel, gafful
- → Norwegian: gaffel
- → Swedish: gaffel
- → Finnish: kahveli
- Low German: Gavel, Gaffel
- Middle Low German: gaffel, gaffele
- Old Dutch: *gavala, *gafila
- Middle Dutch: gavele, gaffele
- Dutch: gavel, gaffel
- Afrikaans: gaffel
- Limburgish: gaffel
- → Middle English: gaffolle
- English: gaffle
- Dutch: gavel, gaffel
- Middle Dutch: gavele, gaffele
- Old High German: gabala, (northern) *gaffala (in mistgaffela)
- Middle High German: gabele, gabel, gaffel(e)
- Alemannic German: Gable
- Bavarian:
- Cimbrian: gabala, gabl
- Mòcheno: gabel
- Central Franconian: Jaffel, Gaffel, Gawel
- Hunsrik: Gawel, Gauel
- Luxembourgish: Gafel
- → German: Gaffel (“kind of guild”)
- German: Gabel
- → German Low German: Gabel
- → North Frisian: goobel
- Rhine Franconian: Gawwel
- Pennsylvania German: Gawwel
- Yiddish: גאָפּל (gopl)
- Middle High German: gabele, gabel, gaffel(e)
Further reading
- Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon — Íslensk orðsifjabók, (1989). Reykjavík, Orðabók Háskólans. (Available on Málið.is under the “Eldra mál” tab.)
References
- Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page *gablo/ā- of 147-148
- Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 191: “PWGmc *gabulu”