Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/fūsti

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain; presumably from Proto-Germanic *funstiz, possibly:

dissimilated from earlier *funkstiz, from Proto-Indo-European *pu-n-ǵ-stí-s, from *pewǵ- (“to punch, poke”), whence Latin pugnus (“fist”),[1]
or from earlier *funhstiz[2], *funhwstiz[3], from Proto-Indo-European *pn̥kʷ-stí-s[4], from *pénkʷe (“five”).[5][6]

Perhaps also cognate with Proto-Slavic *pę̑stь (“fist”).

Noun

*fūsti f[7][2]

fist

Inflection

i-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*fūsti
Genitive	*fūstī
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*fūsti	*fūstī
Accusative	*fūsti	*fūstī
Genitive	*fūstī	*fūstijō
Dative	*fūstī	fūstim, fūstijum
Instrumental	*fūstī	fūstim, fūstijum

Derived terms

*fūstōn

Related terms

*fingr
*fimf
*fukkōn

Descendants

Old English: fȳst
- Middle English: fist, fust, fest, feest, vest
  - English: fist
  - Scots: fist, fyst
  - Yola: hist, fest
Old Frisian: fēst, fest
- North Frisian: fest
- Saterland Frisian: Fäste
Old Saxon: fūst
- Middle Low German: vûst
  - German Low German: Fuust
  - Low German: Fust
  - → West Frisian: fûst
Old Dutch: *fūst
- Middle Dutch: vuust
  - Dutch: vuist
  - Limburgish: voes
Old High German: fūst
- Middle High German: fūst, vūst, voust
  - Cimbrian: vòista, bòista
  - German: Faust
  - Hunsrik: Faust
  - Luxembourgish: Fauscht
  - Yiddish: פֿויסט‎ (foyst)

References

Boutkan, Dirk; Siebinga, Sjoerd (2005), “fest 1”, in Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 1), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 107
Friedrich Kluge (1989), “Faust”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 205: “wg. *fūsti-”
Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*funxwstiz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 118-119
Pokorny, Julius (1959), “*pn̥kʷsti-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 839
Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, pages 535–NW *pn̥kʷstí-
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*funhsti-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 160
Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 224: “PWGmc *fūsti”

[1] Boutkan, Dirk; Siebinga, Sjoerd (2005), “fest 1”, in Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 1), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 107

[EWddS-2] Friedrich Kluge (1989), “Faust”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 205: “wg. *fūsti-”

[3] Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*funxwstiz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 118-119

[4] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “*pn̥kʷsti-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 839

[5] Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, pages 535–NW *pn̥kʷstí-

[6] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*funhsti-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 160

[7] Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 224: “PWGmc *fūsti”