< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/furbēn
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *prep- (“to appear”)[1], or perhaps Proto-Indo-European *perkʷ- (“to clean”)[2], cognate with Hittite 𒈦𒆪𒉿𒀭𒍣 (pár-ku-wa-an-zi /parkuwanzi/, “to make clean, to clear”).
Verb
*furbēn
- to clean
Inflection
| Class 3 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *furbēn | |
| 1st sg. past | *furb?dā | |
| Infinitive | *furbēn | |
| Genitive infin. | *furbēnijas | |
| Dative infin. | *furbēnijē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *furbēniju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *furbē | *furb?dā |
| 2nd singular | *furbēs | *furb?dēs, *furb?dēs |
| 3rd singular | *furbēþ | *furb?dē, *furb?dā |
| 1st plural | *furbēm | *furb?dum |
| 2nd plural | *furbēþ | *furb?dud |
| 3rd plural | *furbēnþ | *furb?dun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *furbē | *furb?dī |
| 2nd singular | *furbēs | *furb?dī |
| 3rd singular | *furbē | *furb?dī |
| 1st plural | *furbēm | *furb?dīm |
| 2nd plural | *furbēþ | *furb?dīd |
| 3rd plural | *furbēn | *furb?dīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *furbē | |
| Plural | *furbēþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *furbēndī | *furb?d |
Descendants
- Old English: *feorbian, *feorfian, feormian
- Middle English: fermen
- English: farm (“to cleanse, clean or clear out, empty”)
- Middle English: fermen
- Old Saxon: furbian, furvian
- Old High German: furbēn
- Middle High German: vurben, vürben
- German: fürben
- Middle High German: vurben, vürben
- → Old French: forbir, fourbir, furbir
- Middle French: foubir
- French: fourbir
- → Middle English: furbisshen
- English: furbish
- Middle French: foubir
References
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), “prep-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 845
- Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2015), “?*perkʷ-¹”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²