Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/fugl

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *fuglaz.

Noun

*fugl m[1]

bird

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*fugl
Genitive	*fuglas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*fugl	fuglō, fuglōs
Accusative	*fugl	*fuglā
Genitive	*fuglas	*fuglō
Dative	*fuglē	*fuglum
Instrumental	*fuglu	*fuglum

Derived terms

*fuglōn

Descendants

Old English: fugol, fugel, fugul
- Middle English: fowel, fowele, foul, foghel, fuȝel, foȝel, foughel, fouel, fowl
  - English: fowl
  - Scots: foul, fule
  - Yola: fowlès (plural)
Old Frisian: fugel
- North Frisian:
  - Föhr-Amrum: fögel
  - Hallig: fugel
  - Goesharde and Mooring: föögel
- Saterland Frisian: Fúgel
- West Frisian: fûgel
Old Saxon: fugal
- Middle Low German: vōgel
  - German Low German: Vogel, Vögel
  - Low German: Vagel, Vögel
  - Plautdietsch: Voagel
Old Dutch: fogal
- Middle Dutch: vōgel
  - Dutch: vogel
    - Afrikaans: voël
      - → English: voël
    - Jersey Dutch: fœüxel
    - Negerhollands: vogel
    - Skepi Creole Dutch: fogul
    - →? Sranan Tongo: fowru, vol, vool
      - → Saramaccan: fóu
  - Limburgish: vogel, voeagel
  - West Flemish: veugel
  - Zealandic: veugel
Old High German: fogal, fugal
- Middle High German: vogel
  - Alemannic German: Fogel, Vogel
  - Central Franconian: Vuggel, Vugel; Vuul
    Hunsrik: Foghel
    Kölsch: Furrel
  - Cimbrian: vóoghel, bóoghel, vogl
  - German: Vogel
  - Luxembourgish: Vugel, Vull
  - Rhine Franconian:
    Pennsylvania German: Voggel
  - Vilamovian: föguł
  - Yiddish: פֿויגל‎ (foygl)

References

Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 48: “PWGmc *fugl”

[1] Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 48: “PWGmc *fugl”