Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/finþan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *finþaną.

Verb

*finþan

to find, to discover, to come upon

Inflection

Strong class 3
Infinitive	*finþan
1st sg. past	*fanþ
3rd pl. past	*fundun
Past ptcple	*fundan
Infinitive	*finþan
Genitive infin.	*finþannjas
Dative infin.	*finþannjē
Instrum. infin.	*finþannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*finþu	*fanþ
2nd singular	*finþiʀi	*fundī
3rd singular	*finþidi	*fanþ
1st plural	*finþum	*fundum
2nd plural	*finþid	*fundud
3rd plural	*finþand	*fundun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*finþē	*fundī
2nd singular	*finþēs	*fundī
3rd singular	*finþē	*fundī
1st plural	*finþēm	*fundīm
2nd plural	*finþēþ	*fundīd
3rd plural	*finþēn	*fundīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*finþ
Plural	*finþid
	Present	Past
Participle	*finþandī	*fundan

Descendants

In the northern descendants, -d- was generalized early on, hindering the effects of the nasal spirant law. Old High German, as well as the Old Saxon variant fīthan, reflect the original voiceless -þ-.

Old English: findan
- Middle English: finden
  - Scots: find, fynd
  - English: find
    - → Welsh: ffeindio
Old Frisian: finda
- Saterland Frisian: fiende
- West Frisian: fine
Old Saxon: findan, fīthan
- Middle Low German: vinden
  - Low German: finden, finnen
  - Plautdietsch: finje
Old Dutch: findan
- Middle Dutch: vinden
  - Dutch: vinden
  - Limburgish: vinje
Old High German: findan
- Middle High German: vinden
  - Alemannic German: fianda (Vorarlberg)
  - Central Franconian: fenge
  - Cimbrian: bènnan
  - German: finden
  - Luxembourgish: fannen
  - Yiddish: געפֿינען‎ (gefinen)