Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/erþu

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *erþō.

Noun

*erþu f[1]

earth, world
earth, soil

Inflection

ō-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*erþu
Genitive	*erþā
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*erþu	*erþō
Accusative	*erþā	*erþā
Genitive	*erþā	*erþō
Dative	*erþē	*erþōm
Instrumental	*erþu	*erþōm

Descendants

Old English: eorþe, eorþ, earþe, iorþe, yrþ, eorðe, eorðo, eorðu
- Middle English: erthe, eerthe, eorthe, eorþe, ereth, erth, erþ, erþe, irthe; earþe, erðe, eorðe, eorth, herðe
  - English: earth, Earth
  - Scots: erd (influenced by erd)
  - Yola: erth, eart, eard, eord, eart, eorth
Old Frisian: erthe, erde, irthe
- Saterland Frisian: Äide, Idde, Äid
- West Frisian: ierde
Old Saxon: ertha, erda
- Middle Low German: êrde
  - Low German:
    - Dutch Low Saxon: eerde
    - German Low German: Eer, Eerd, Ier, Ierd
    - Westphalian:
      Lippisch: Eren (dative (as in up Eren) and genitive (as in in der Eren Grund))
      Ravensbergisch: Airn
      Sauerländisch: Ēre, Ere, Ǟre, Ēäre
      Westmünsterländisch: Eerde, Eere, Äärde, Ääre, Iärde
  - Plautdietsch: Ead, Ieed
Old Dutch: ertha
- Middle Dutch: erde
  - Dutch: aarde
    - Afrikaans: aarde
    - Negerhollands: aarde, adu, aerde
      - → Virgin Islands Creole: adu, ard (archaic)
    - → Indonesian: arde
  - Limburgish: aerd, aerj
Old High German: erda, haerda
- Middle High German: ërde
  - Alemannic German: Ëërde
  - Bavarian: Ead
    Cimbrian: èerda
  - Central Franconian: Ääd, Erd; Äerd
    Hunsrik: Äerd
    Kölsch: Äd
  - German: Erde
  - Luxembourgish: Äerd
  - Rhine Franconian: Erd
    Pennsylvania German: Erd, Aerd, Eaht
  - Vilamovian: aod
  - Yiddish: ערד‎ (erd)

References

Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 182: “PWGmc *erþu”

[1] Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 182: “PWGmc *erþu”