Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dūnā

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Disputed; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“smoke, dust”), or perhaps borrowed from Proto-Celtic *dūnom (“stronghold, rampart”), which in Brythonic also means “hill”.

Noun

*dūnā f

hill, sand dune

Inflection

ōn-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*dūnā
Genitive	*dūnōn
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*dūnā	*dūnōn
Accusative	*dūnōn	*dūnōn
Genitive	*dūnōn	*dūnōnō
Dative	*dūnōn	*dūnōm
Instrumental	*dūnōn	*dūnōm

Descendants

Old English: dūn
- Middle English: dune, doun
  - English: dune, down
Old Frisian: dūne
- Saterland Frisian: Duune
- West Frisian: dún
Old Saxon: *dūna
- Middle Low German: dûne
  - German Low German: Düne, Düün
  - → German: Düne
Old Dutch: *dūna
- Middle Dutch: dûne
  - Dutch: duin
    - Afrikaans: duin
  - → Old French: dune
    - Middle French: dune
      - French: dune
Old High German: *tūna, dūna