< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dwalmijan
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From *dwalm (“confusion, bewilderment”) + *-jan. Compare also 𐌳𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌼𐍉𐌽 (dwalmōn, “to be mad”).
Verb
*dwalmijan
- to confuse, to bewilder
- to daze, to stupify
Inflection
| Class 1 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *dwalmijan | |
| 1st sg. past | *dwalmidā | |
| Infinitive | *dwalmijan | |
| Genitive infin. | *dwalmijannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *dwalmijannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *dwalmijannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *dwalmiju | *dwalmidā |
| 2nd singular | *dwalmisi | *dwalmidēs, *dwalmidōs |
| 3rd singular | *dwalmiþi | *dwalmidē, *dwalmidā |
| 1st plural | *dwalmijum | *dwalmidum |
| 2nd plural | *dwalmiþ | *dwalmidud |
| 3rd plural | *dwalmijanþ | *dwalmidun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *dwalmijē | *dwalmidī |
| 2nd singular | *dwalmijēs | *dwalmidī |
| 3rd singular | *dwalmijē | *dwalmidī |
| 1st plural | *dwalmijēm | *dwalmidīm |
| 2nd plural | *dwalmijēþ | *dwalmidīd |
| 3rd plural | *dwalmijēn | *dwalmidīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *dwalmi | |
| Plural | *dwalmiþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *dwalmijandī | *dwalmid |
Descendants
- ⇒ Old English: fordwielman
- Old Frisian: *dwelma
- West Frisian: dwelme, dwelmje
- Old Dutch: *dwelmen
- Middle Dutch: dwelmen
- ⇒ Middle Dutch: bedwelmen
- Dutch: bedwelmen
- ⇒ Middle Dutch: bedwelmen
- Middle Dutch: dwelmen
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) , “*dwalmjanan ~ *dulmjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 81