< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dunnjan
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *dunjaną. Equivalent to *duni + *-jan.
Verb
*dunnjan[1]
- to make loud noise
Inflection
| Class 1 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *dunnjan | |
| 1st sg. past | *dunidā | |
| Infinitive | *dunnjan | |
| Genitive infin. | *dunnjannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *dunnjannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *dunnjannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *dunnju | *dunidā |
| 2nd singular | *dunisi | *dunidēs, *dunidōs |
| 3rd singular | *duniþi | *dunidē, *dunidā |
| 1st plural | *dunnjum | *dunidum |
| 2nd plural | *duniþ | *dunidud |
| 3rd plural | *dunnjanþ | *dunidun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *dunnjē | *dunidī |
| 2nd singular | *dunnjēs | *dunidī |
| 3rd singular | *dunnjē | *dunidī |
| 1st plural | *dunnjēm | *dunidīm |
| 2nd plural | *dunnjēþ | *dunidīd |
| 3rd plural | *dunnjēn | *dunidīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *duni | |
| Plural | *duniþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *dunnjandī | *dunid |
Descendants
- Old English: dynnan, dynian
- Middle English: dunien, dinien, dunen, dunnen, dinen
- English: dun, din
- Scots: dyn, din
- Middle English: dunien, dinien, dunen, dunnen, dinen
- Old Saxon: dunnian
References
- Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 223: “PWGmc *dunʲnʲan”