< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dungijan
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From *dung or *dungu (“manure”) + *-jan.[1]
Verb
*dungijan
- to fertilize
Inflection
| Class 1 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *dungijan | |
| 1st sg. past | *dungidā | |
| Infinitive | *dungijan | |
| Genitive infin. | *dungijannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *dungijannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *dungijannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *dungiju | *dungidā |
| 2nd singular | *dungisi | *dungidēs, *dungidōs |
| 3rd singular | *dungiþi | *dungidē, *dungidā |
| 1st plural | *dungijum | *dungidum |
| 2nd plural | *dungiþ | *dungidud |
| 3rd plural | *dungijanþ | *dungidun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *dungijē | *dungidī |
| 2nd singular | *dungijēs | *dungidī |
| 3rd singular | *dungijē | *dungidī |
| 1st plural | *dungijēm | *dungidīm |
| 2nd plural | *dungijēþ | *dungidīd |
| 3rd plural | *dungijēn | *dungidīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *dungi | |
| Plural | *dungiþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *dungijandī | *dungid |
Descendants
- Old Frisian: denga
- Old Saxon: *dungian
- Middle Low German: düngen
- → German: düngen
- Middle Low German: düngen
- Old High German: tungen
- Middle High German: tüngen
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*dunga-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 109: “*dungjan-”