< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dreugan
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Germanic *dreuganą (“to mislead”).
Verb
*dreugan
- to mislead, to deceive
Inflection
| Strong class 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *dreugan | |
| 1st sg. past | *draug | |
| 3rd pl. past | *drugun | |
| Past ptcple | *drogan | |
| Infinitive | *dreugan | |
| Genitive infin. | *dreugannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *dreugannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *dreugannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *dreugu | *draug |
| 2nd singular | *driugiʀi | *drugī |
| 3rd singular | *driugidi | *draug |
| 1st plural | *dreugum | *drugum |
| 2nd plural | *driugid | *drugud |
| 3rd plural | *dreugand | *drugun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *dreugē | *drugī |
| 2nd singular | *dreugēs | *drugī |
| 3rd singular | *dreugē | *drugī |
| 1st plural | *dreugēm | *drugīm |
| 2nd plural | *dreugēþ | *drugīd |
| 3rd plural | *dreugēn | *drugīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *dreug | |
| Plural | *driugid | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *dreugandī | *drogan |
Derived terms
- *bidreugan
- *drog
Descendants
- Old Frisian: driāga
- Saterland Frisian: drjooge
- Old Saxon: driogan
- Middle Low German: drêgen, drȫgen, drogen
- German Low German: dregen
- Middle Low German: drêgen, drȫgen, drogen
- Old Dutch: *driegan
- Middle Dutch: driegen
- Dutch: driegen
- Middle Dutch: driegen
- Old High German: triogan
- Middle High German: triegen, trūgen
- German: trügen
- Middle High German: triegen, trūgen
Etymology 2
From Proto-Germanic *dreuganą (“to serve”).
Verb
*dreugan
- to serve, to be a retainer
Inflection
| Strong class 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *dreugan | |
| 1st sg. past | *draug | |
| 3rd pl. past | *drugun | |
| Past ptcple | *drogan | |
| Infinitive | *dreugan | |
| Genitive infin. | *dreugannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *dreugannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *dreugannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *dreugu | *draug |
| 2nd singular | *driugiʀi | *drugī |
| 3rd singular | *driugidi | *draug |
| 1st plural | *dreugum | *drugum |
| 2nd plural | *driugid | *drugud |
| 3rd plural | *dreugand | *drugun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *dreugē | *drugī |
| 2nd singular | *dreugēs | *drugī |
| 3rd singular | *dreugē | *drugī |
| 1st plural | *dreugēm | *drugīm |
| 2nd plural | *dreugēþ | *drugīd |
| 3rd plural | *dreugēn | *drugīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *dreug | |
| Plural | *driugid | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *dreugandī | *drogan |
Derived terms
- *druhti
- *druhtin
Descendants
- Old English: drēogan
- Middle English: dreogen, dregen, dreghen, dreȝen, drehen, dryen, dreen
- Scots: dre, drie, drey, dree
- English: dree, drudge
- Middle English: dreogen, dregen, dreghen, dreȝen, drehen, dryen, dreen