Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/būti

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain; possibly borrowed from Gaulish *boudi, from Proto-Celtic *boudi (“profit, gains; victory”)[1], or perhaps from *biūtijan, from *bi- (locative prefix) +‎ *ūt (“out, outward”) +‎ *-jan[2].

Noun

*būti m[3]

exchange, barter
allotment
spoils, plunder, booty

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Alternative reconstructions

*biūti[2]

Derived terms

*būtijan (“to exchange, barter; to divide up; to plunder”)
- Old Dutch: *būten
  - Middle Dutch: buuten
    - → Middle Low German: bûten
      - → Old Norse: býta[4] (or ← Middle Dutch[5])
        Faroese: býta
        Old Swedish: byta
        Swedish: byta
        Danish: bytte

Descendants

Old Dutch: *būti
- Middle Dutch: *buute, *buete
  - Dutch: buit, buyt, buet
    - Afrikaans: buit
    - → West Frisian: bût, bút
  - → Middle Low German: bûte f, büte
    - → Middle High German: biute
      - German: Beute
      - Yiddish: בײַטן‎ (baytn)
      - → Old Czech: bít, bíta[6]
        Early Modern Czech: bít, bíta
    - → Old Norse: býti n
      - Icelandic: býti
      - Swedish: byte
      - Old Danish: bythæ
        Danish: bytte
→? Vulgar Latin: *būtinus (or *boudinus ← Gaulish *boudi)
- Old French: butin (“spoils, plunder; allotment”), botin
  - Middle French: butin
    - French: butin
      - → Breton: butin
  - → Middle English: bottyne, botye, buty
    - English: booty, bootyn
  - ⇒ Old French: butiner
    - → Middle Dutch: butineren

References

Friedrich Kluge (1989), “Beute¹”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 81
Sverige in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
Nikolayev, Sergei, editor (2008), “*būt=”, in Common Germanic database (Common Indo-European database), StarLing database server
de Vries, Jan (1977), “býta”, in Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Old Norse Etymological Dictionary] (in German), 2nd revised edition, Leiden: Brill, page 68
van der Sijs, Nicoline (2010), “buit; buiten”, in Nederlandse woorden wereldwijd [Dutch words worldwide] (in Dutch), The Hague: Sdu Uitgevers, →ISBN, OCLC 687330964, pages 245-246
Newerkla, Stefan Michael (2011), “bít, bíta”, in Sprachkontakte Deutsch – Tschechisch – Slowakisch: Wörterbuch der deutschen Lehnwörter im Tschechischen und Slowakischen: historische Entwicklung, Beleglage, bisherige und neue Deutungen (Schriften über Sprachen und Texte; 7) (in German), 2nd edition, Frankfurt: Peter Lang, →ISBN, page 155

[EWddS-1] Friedrich Kluge (1989), “Beute¹”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 81

[runeberg-2] Sverige in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

[3] Nikolayev, Sergei, editor (2008), “*būt=”, in Common Germanic database (Common Indo-European database), StarLing database server

[AEW-4] Vries, Jan (1977), “býta”, in Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Old Norse Etymological Dictionary] (in German), 2nd revised edition, Leiden: Brill, page 68

[van_der_Sijs-5] van der Sijs, Nicoline (2010), “buit; buiten”, in Nederlandse woorden wereldwijd [Dutch words worldwide] (in Dutch), The Hague: Sdu Uitgevers, →ISBN, OCLC 687330964, pages 245-246

[6] Newerkla, Stefan Michael (2011), “bít, bíta”, in Sprachkontakte Deutsch – Tschechisch – Slowakisch: Wörterbuch der deutschen Lehnwörter im Tschechischen und Slowakischen: historische Entwicklung, Beleglage, bisherige und neue Deutungen (Schriften über Sprachen und Texte; 7) (in German), 2nd edition, Frankfurt: Peter Lang, →ISBN, page 155