< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/brūkan
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *brūkaną.
Verb
*brūkan
- to use, to employ
- to consume
Inflection
| Strong class 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *brūkan | |
| 1st sg. past | *brauk | |
| 3rd pl. past | *brukun | |
| Past ptcple | *brokan | |
| Infinitive | *brūkan | |
| Genitive infin. | *brūkannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *brūkannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *brūkannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *brūku | *brauk |
| 2nd singular | *brūkiʀi | *brukī |
| 3rd singular | *brūkidi | *brauk |
| 1st plural | *brūkum | *brukum |
| 2nd plural | *brūkid | *brukud |
| 3rd plural | *brūkand | *brukun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *brūkē | *brukī |
| 2nd singular | *brūkēs | *brukī |
| 3rd singular | *brūkē | *brukī |
| 1st plural | *brūkēm | *brukīm |
| 2nd plural | *brūkēþ | *brukīd |
| 3rd plural | *brūkēn | *brukīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *brūk | |
| Plural | *brūkid | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *brūkandī | *brokan |
Related terms
- *brūkī
Descendants
- Old English: brūcan
- Middle English: brouken
- English: brook
- Scots: brook, brouk
- Middle English: brouken
- Old Frisian: brūka
- North Frisian: bruwcken
- Saterland Frisian: bruuke
- West Frisian: brûke
- Old Saxon: brūkan
- Middle Low German: brûken
- Low German: bruken
- → Danish: bruge
- → Faroese: brúka
- → Norwegian: bruke
- → Swedish: bruka
- → Finnish: ruukata
- Middle Low German: brûken
- Old Dutch: *brūkan
- Middle Dutch: bruken
- Dutch: bruiken (archaic)
- Limburgish: broeke
- Middle Dutch: bruken
- Old High German: brūhhan
- Alemannic German: bruuche
- German: brauchen
- Luxembourgish: brauchen