Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bihaldan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *bi- +‎ *haldan.

Verb

*bihaldan

to keep

Inflection

Strong class 7c
Infinitive	*bihaldan
1st sg. past	*biheald
3rd pl. past	*bihealdun
Past ptcple	*bihaldan
Infinitive	*bihaldan
Genitive infin.	*bihaldannjas
Dative infin.	*bihaldannjē
Instrum. infin.	*bihaldannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*bihaldu	*biheald
2nd singular	*bihaldiʀi	*bihealdī
3rd singular	*bihaldidi	*biheald
1st plural	*bihaldum	*bihealdum
2nd plural	*bihaldid	*bihealdud
3rd plural	*bihaldand	*bihealdun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*bihaldē	*bihealdī
2nd singular	*bihaldēs	*bihealdī
3rd singular	*bihaldē	*bihealdī
1st plural	*bihaldēm	*bihealdīm
2nd plural	*bihaldēþ	*bihealdīd
3rd plural	*bihaldēn	*bihealdīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*bihald
Plural	*bihaldid
	Present	Past
Participle	*bihaldandī	*bihaldan

Descendants

Old English: behealdan, behaldan
- Middle English: beholden
  - English: behold, beholden
Old Frisian: bihalda
- Saterland Frisian: behoolde
Old Saxon: bihaldan
- Middle Low German: beholden
  - Plautdietsch: behoolen
  - German Low German:
    Bentheimisch, Dortmunder, Sauerländisch, East Frisian Low Saxon, Westmünsterländisch: behollen
    Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: behaulen
  - → Norwegian: beholde
  - → Swedish: behålla
  - → Danish: beholde
Old Dutch: *bihaldan
- Middle Dutch: behouden
  - Dutch: behouden
    - Afrikaans: behou, behoue
  - Limburgish: behaaje
Old High German: bihaltan
- Middle High German: behalten
  - German: behalten
  - Luxembourgish: behalen