Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/berg

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *bergaz.

Noun

*berg m[1]

hill, mountain

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*berg
Genitive	*bergas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*berg	bergō, bergōs
Accusative	*berg	*bergā
Genitive	*bergas	*bergō
Dative	*bergē	*bergum
Instrumental	*bergu	*bergum

Descendants

Old English: beorg, berg
- Middle English: bergh, berȝ, beruȝ, beruh, berw
  - English: barrow; bargh (Northern England)
  - Scots: burrae
- Middle English: berȝe, beryhe, berye (via beorge (genitive))
  - English: berry
Old Frisian: berch
- North Frisian: beerg
- Saterland Frisian: Bíerig
- West Frisian: berch
Old Saxon: berg, berag
- Middle Low German: berch
  - German Low German: Barg
  - Plautdietsch: Boajch
Old Dutch: berg
- Middle Dutch: berch
  - Dutch: berg
    - Afrikaans: berg
      - → English: berg
    - Berbice Creole Dutch: berki
    - Jersey Dutch: bêrix
    - Negerhollands: berg, bergi
      - → Virgin Islands Creole: berg, bergi
    - → Aukan: beligi
    - → Sranan Tongo: bergi
      - → Caribbean Javanese: bérgi
  - Limburgish: berg
Old High German: berg
- Middle High German: bërc
  - Alemannic German: Bäärg, Bärg, Bèèrg, Bërg
  - Bavarian:
    Cimbrian: pèrge
    Mòcheno: pèrg
  - Central Franconian: Berch
    Eifel: Bersch
    Hunsrik: Berrich
  - East Central German: Barg (Erzgebirgisch)
  - German: Berg
  - Luxembourgish: Bierg
  - Pennsylvania German: Barig
  - Yiddish: באַרג‎ (barg)
- ⇒ Old High German: giberg
  - Middle High German: gebërc
    - Vilamovian: gybiyg

References

Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 182: “PWGmc *berg”

[1] Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 182: “PWGmc *berg”