< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/barjan
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *barjaną.
Verb
*barjan[1][2]
- to beat, strike
Inflection
| Class 1 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *barjan | |
| 1st sg. past | *baridā | |
| Infinitive | *barjan | |
| Genitive infin. | *barjannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *barjannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *barjannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *barju | *baridā |
| 2nd singular | *barisi | *baridēs, *baridōs |
| 3rd singular | *bariþi | *baridē, *baridā |
| 1st plural | *barjum | *baridum |
| 2nd plural | *bariþ | *baridud |
| 3rd plural | *barjanþ | *baridun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *barjē | *baridī |
| 2nd singular | *barjēs | *baridī |
| 3rd singular | *barjē | *baridī |
| 1st plural | *barjēm | *baridīm |
| 2nd plural | *barjēþ | *baridīd |
| 3rd plural | *barjēn | *baridīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *bari | |
| Plural | *bariþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *barjandī | *barid |
Descendants
- Old English: berian (attested as ġebered (ppt))
- Middle English: berien, beryen
- Scots: berrie, berry, barrie
- English: berry (verb)
- Middle English: berien, beryen
- (Old Frisian: ber)
- Old High German: berjan, perjan, berien, *berren
- Middle High German: berjen, berren, beren, bern
- German: beren
- Middle High German: berjen, berren, beren, bern
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*barjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 53
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*barjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 37