Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/balþ

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *balþaz.

Adjective

*balþ[1]

bold, brave

Inflection

a-stem
Singular	Masculine
Nominative	*balþ
Genitive	*balþas
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*balþ	*balþu	*balþ
Accusative	*balþanā	*balþā	*balþ
Genitive	*balþas	*balþeʀā	*balþas
Dative	*balþumē	*balþeʀē	*balþumē
Instrumental	*balþu	*balþeʀu	*balþu
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*balþē	*balþō	*balþu
Accusative	*balþā	*balþā	*balþu
Genitive	*balþeʀō	*balþeʀō	*balþeʀō
Dative	balþēm, balþum	balþēm, balþum	balþēm, balþum
Instrumental	balþēm, balþum	balþēm, balþum	balþēm, balþum

Descendants

Old English: beald, bald
- Middle English: bald, bold
  - English: bold
  - Scots: bald, bauld, baul, bawl, beld
Old Frisian: bald
- ⇒ Old Frisian: balde (adverb)
  - Saterland Frisian: bolde
Old Saxon: bald
- Middle Low German: bald, bold, balt, bolt
  - German Low German: bold, boll
Old Dutch: bald
- Middle Dutch: bout
  - Dutch: boud
Old High German: bald, pald
- Middle High German: balt
- ⇒ Old High German: baldo (adverb)
  - Middle High German: balde
    - German: bald
    - Luxembourgish: bal
→ Old French: baud
- Bourguignon: baud
- Middle French: baud
  - French: baud
- → Italian: baldo
- → Middle English: bawde, baude (noun)
  - English: bawd

References

Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 156: “PWGmc *balþ”

[1] Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 156: “PWGmc *balþ”