< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/arm
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Germanic *armaz.
Noun
*arm m
- arm
Inflection
| Masculine a-stem | ||
|---|---|---|
| Singular | ||
| Nominative | *arm | |
| Genitive | *armas | |
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *arm | *armō, *armōs |
| Accusative | *arm | *armā |
| Genitive | *armas | *armō |
| Dative | *armē | *armum |
| Instrumental | *armu | *armum |
Descendants
- Old English: earm, arm
- Middle English: arm
- Scots: arm, airm, arme, harme, areme, airme
- English: arm
- Middle English: arm
- Old Frisian: erm
- North Frisian:
- Föhr-Amrum: iarem
- Hallig: eerm
- Helgoland: Iaarem
- Mooring: ärm
- Saterland Frisian: Ierm
- West Frisian: earm
- North Frisian:
- Old Saxon: arm
- Middle Low German: arm
- Low German:
- German Low German:
- Hamburgisch: Arm
- Westphalian:
- Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Ārm
- Sauerländisch: Ārm, Ārem, Oarm
- Westmünsterländisch: Arm
- German Low German:
- Plautdietsch: Oam, Oarm
- Low German:
- Middle Low German: arm
- Old Dutch: arm
- Middle Dutch: arm
- Dutch: arm
- Middle Dutch: arm
- Old High German: arm, aram
- Middle High German: arm, arn
- Alemannic German: Aare, Arm, Are, Arme
- Bavarian: Oarm
- Cimbrian: arm
- Central Franconian: Ärm, Arm, Orm
- Hunsrik: Aarem
- German: Arm
- Luxembourgish: Aarm
- Rhine Franconian:
- Pennsylvania German: Aarm
- Yiddish: אָרעם (orem)
- Middle High German: arm, arn
Etymology 2
From Proto-Germanic *armaz.
Noun
*arm (comparative *armōʀō, superlative *armōst)[1]
- poor, miserable
- pitiful, pitiable
Inflection
| a-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Masculine | ||
| Nominative | *arm | ||
| Genitive | *armas | ||
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *arm | *armu | *arm |
| Accusative | *armanā | *armā | *arm |
| Genitive | *armas | *armeʀā | *armas |
| Dative | *armumē | *armeʀē | *armumē |
| Instrumental | *armu | *armeʀu | *armu |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *armē | *armō | *armu |
| Accusative | *armā | *armā | *armu |
| Genitive | *armeʀō | *armeʀō | *armeʀō |
| Dative | *armēm, *armum | *armēm, *armum | *armēm, *armum |
| Instrumental | *armēm, *armum | *armēm, *armum | *armēm, *armum |
Descendants
- Old English: earm
- Middle English: arm
- Scots: arm
- English: arm
- Middle English: arm
- Old Frisian: *arm, erm
- North Frisian: eerm, ærm
- Saterland Frisian: äärm
- West Frisian: earm
- Old Saxon: *arm
- Middle Low German: arm
- German Low German: arm
- Plautdietsch: oam, oarm
- Middle Low German: arm
- Old Dutch: arm
- Middle Dutch: arm
- Dutch: arm
- Middle Dutch: arm
- Old High German: arm
- Middle High German: arm, arn
- Central Franconian:
- Kölsch: ärm
- Cimbrian: arm
- German: arm
- Luxembourgish: aarm
- Yiddish: אָרעם (orem), אָרעמאַן (oreman)
- Central Franconian:
- Middle High German: arm, arn
References
- Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 60: “*armōzō, *armōst”