< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/arg
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *argaz.
Adjective
*arg[1]
- cowardly
Inflection
| a-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Masculine | ||
| Nominative | *arg | ||
| Genitive | *argas | ||
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *arg | *argu | *arg |
| Accusative | *arganā | *argā | *arg |
| Genitive | *argas | *argeʀā | *argas |
| Dative | *argumē | *argeʀē | *argumē |
| Instrumental | *argu | *argeʀu | *argu |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *argē | *argō | *argu |
| Accusative | *argā | *argā | *argu |
| Genitive | *argeʀō | *argeʀō | *argeʀō |
| Dative | *argēm, *argum | *argēm, *argum | *argēm, *argum |
| Instrumental | *argēm, *argum | *argēm, *argum | *argēm, *argum |
Descendants
- Old English: earg
- Middle English: arg, argh, eri
- Early Scots: argh, arch
- Scots: ergh, erfe, erf
- English: argh, eerie
- Early Scots: argh, arch
- Middle English: arg, argh, eri
- Old Frisian: erch, erg
- Saterland Frisian: äärch
- West Frisian: erch, arch
- Old Saxon: *arug, *arg
- Middle Low German: arich, arch
- Low German: arg
- Middle Low German: arich, arch
- Old Dutch: arug, *arg
- Middle Dutch: arch, aerch, erch
- Dutch: erg, arg (the form with -a- is now archaic or dialectal, but preserved in several derived forms such as argeloos, argwaan etc.)
- Middle Dutch: arch, aerch, erch
- Old High German: arg, arc, arga
- Middle High German: arc
- Central Franconian: ärch, arch
- German: arg
- Luxembourgish: uerg
- → Medieval Latin: arga
- Middle High German: arc
References
- Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 180: “PWGmc *arg”