< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/applu
Proto-West Germanic
Alternative forms
- *apl
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *apluz, *aplaz.
Noun
*applu m[1]
- fruit
- Synonyms: *fruht, *obaet
- apple
Inflection
u-stem | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | ||
Nominative | *applu | |
Genitive | *applō | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | *applu | *appliwi, *applō |
Accusative | *applu | *applū |
Genitive | *applō | *appliwō |
Dative | *appliwi, *applō | *applum |
Instrumental | *applu | *applum |
Descendants
- Old English: æppel, apl, appel, æppyl
- Middle English: appel, apple, appyl, appyll, appil, appill, appell, eppel, appul, appull, appulle, eappel; æppel, æpple, eappel
- English: apple (see there for further descendants)
- Scots: aipple
- Middle English: appel, apple, appyl, appyll, appil, appill, appell, eppel, appul, appull, appulle, eappel; æppel, æpple, eappel
- Old Frisian: appel
- North Frisian:
- Föhr, Hallig: aapel
- Helgoland: Oapel
- Mooring: ååpel
- Saterland Frisian: Appel, Apel
- West Frisian: apel
- North Frisian:
- Old Saxon: appel, appul, apl
- Middle Low German: appel
- German Low German: Appel
- → German: Appel (colloquial, regional)
- Plautdietsch: Aupel
- German Low German: Appel
- Middle Low German: appel
- Old Dutch: *appel, ephela (pl.), apheles (gen.sg.)
- Middle Dutch: appel, āpel
- Dutch: appel (see there for further descendants)
- Limburgish: appel
- Middle Dutch: appel, āpel
- Old High German: apful, aphul, apfol, afful, *appul
- Middle High German: apfel, epfel, öpfel, appel
- Alemannic German: Öpfel, Apfel
- Alsatian: Àpfel, Epfel
- Italian Walser: effél, epfel, epfil, öpfil
- Swabian: Ebfl
- Bavarian: Abbfe, Ebbfe
- Cimbrian: oupfal, öpfel, öpfl
- Mòcheno: epfl
- Udinese: eipfele, epfl
- Central Franconian: Appel
- Hunsrik: Eppel
- Luxembourgish: Apel
- East Central German:
- Upper Saxon: Abbel, Appel
- Vilamovian: epuł
- East Franconian:
- German: Apfel
- Rhine Franconian:
- Hessian: Àbbel, Ebbel, Abbel
- Pennsylvania German: Abbel, Appel
- Yiddish: עפּל (epl)
- Alemannic German: Öpfel, Apfel
- Middle High German: apfel, epfel, öpfel, appel
References
- Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 330: “PWGmc *applu”