Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/angil

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin angelus, from Ancient Greek ἄγγελος (ángelos).

Noun

*angil m[1]

angel

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*angil	angilō, angilōs
Accusative	*angil	*angilā
Genitive	*angilas	*angilō
Dative	*angilē	*angilum
Instrumental	*angilu	*angilum

Descendants

Old English: enġel, anġel, ænġel, enġyl
- Middle English: aungel, engel, angel, ængel, aungil, aungell, angell, angyl, angyll, angylle, awngel (contaminated by Anglo-Norman angle)
  - English: angel
    - Jamaican Creole: aynjel
    - → Chinese: 安琪兒 (ānqí'ér)
    - → Hawaiian: ʻānela
    - → Lingala: anjelu, anzelu
    - → Malagasy: anjely
    - → Xhosa: ingelosi
    - → Zulu: ingelosi
  - Scots: angel, aungel
Old Frisian: angel, engel
- Saterland Frisian: Engel
- West Frisian: ingel
Old Saxon: engil
- Middle Low German: engel
  - Low German:
    - German Low German: Engel
      - Plautdietsch: Enjel
    - → Estonian: ingel
Old Dutch: *engil
- Middle Dutch: engel
  - Dutch: engel
    - Afrikaans: engel
  - Limburgish: ingel
Old High German: engil, angil
- Middle High German: engel
  - Alemannic German: Ängel, Ängu
    Swabian: Engele
  - Bavarian: Engl
    Cimbrian: énghel
  - German: Engel
  - Luxembourgish: Engel

References

Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 135: “PWGmc *angil”

[1] Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 135: “PWGmc *angil”