Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ạl-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Compare to Proto-Mongolic *ali- (“to take, receive; give”), Proto-Tungusic *al(i)- (“to take, receive; give, hand over”).

Verb

*ạl-

to take
Antonym: *bēr- (“to give”)

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: ил (il)
Common Turkic:

Arghu:
- Khalaj: almaq
Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: almaq
  - Ottoman Turkish: آلمق‎ (almak)
    - Turkish: almak
    - Gagauz: almaa
- Turkmen: almak
- Salar: al
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (al-)
  - Chagatai:
    - Uzbek: olmoq
    - Uyghur: [script needed] (almak)
Kipchak:
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: almaq
  - Kumyk: [script needed] (al-)
  - Karachay-Balkar: алыргъа (alırğa)
  - Karaim: [script needed] (al-)
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: алыу (alıw)
  - Tatar: алу (alu)
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Kazakh: алу (alu)
    - Karakalpak: aluw
    - Nogai: алу (alu)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: алуу (aluu)
    - Southern Altai: [script needed] (al-)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: [script needed] (al-)
  - Old Uyghur: [script needed] (al-)
    - Western Yugur: [script needed] (al-)
- North Siberian:
  - Yakut: ыл (ıl)
  - Dolgan: ыл
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan:
    - Tuvan: алыр (alır)
    - Tofa: [script needed] (al-)
  - Yenisei:
    - Shor: аларға (alarğa)
    - Khakas: [script needed] (al-)

References

Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*ạl-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill