Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/čok

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstruction

*čōk

Etymology

Only Gagauz and Turkish point to a long vowel.[1]

Adjective

*čok

many, very
Antonym: *āŕ (“few, a little”)
group, crowd

Descendants

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: çox
  - Ottoman Turkish: چوق‎ (çok)
    - Gagauz: çok (çoy-)
    - Turkish: çok (çoğ-)
    - → Crimean Tatar: çoq
    - → Karaim: čok
    - ⇒ Turkish: çoğalmak
- Turkmen: çok
Karluk:
- ⇒ Karakhanid: [script needed] (çoqramaq)
Kipchak:
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - ⇒ Kazakh: шоғыр (şoğyr)
    - Nogai: [script needed] (šoq)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: чок (çoq)
    - ⇒ Southern Altai: чогулар (čogular)

References

Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*čok”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

[1] Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*čok”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill