Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ïm

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

According to the logic of Turkic initial-∅, Mongolic initial-h and Tungusic initial-p, compared to Proto-Mongolic *(h)im (“sign”), Proto-Tungusic *pim (“sign”).

You can see the same logic in Proto-Turkic *öküŕ (“ox”), Proto-Mongolic *hüker (“ox”) and Proto-Tungusic *pukur (“cow”); Proto-Turkic *as- (“to hang”), Proto-Mongolic *(h)asa- (“to climb up; to stick, cling to”) and Proto-Tungusic *pasi- (“to hang”); Proto-Turkic *üskür- (“to cough, sprinkle (from mouth)”), Proto-Mongolic *hösür- (“to sprinkle; to pour”) and Proto-Tungusic *pisu- (“to sprinkle”); Proto-Turkic *uruk (“rope; lasso”), Proto-Mongolic *huraka (“lasso, bird net”) and Proto-Tungusic *purka (“lasso”), Proto-Turkic *āl (“red, crimson”), Proto-Mongolic *hula-xan (“red”) and Proto-Tungusic *pula (“red”).

Noun

*ïm

(Common Turkic) sign

Declension

Declension of *ïm (Common Turkic)

	singular	plural²⁾
nominative	*ïm	*ïmlar
accusative
genitive	*ïmnïŋ	*ïmlarnïŋ
dative	*ïmka	*ïmlarka
locative	*ïmda	*ïmlarda
ablative	*ïmdan	*ïmlardan
instrumental¹⁾		*ïmlarïn
equative¹⁾	*ïmča	*ïmlarča

¹⁾The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Common Turkic languages.
²⁾This plural suffix is used only on Common Turkic, and not in Oghur. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Ottoman Turkish: ام‎
    - Turkish: im
- Turkmen: üm
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (im)
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: ым (ım)
  - Tatar: ым (ım)
- West Kipchak:
  - Kumyk: [script needed] (yum)
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Karakalpak: iʼm
    - Kazakh: ым (ym)
    - Nogai: [script needed] (ım)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: ым (ım)
    - Southern Altai: [script needed] (um)
Siberian:
- North Siberian:
  - Yakut: [script needed] (im)
  - Dolgan: [script needed] (imneek)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan:
    - Tuvan: [script needed] (im)

References

Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*ɨm”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill