Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ïgač

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology 1

From *ï (“vegetation, plant, bush, tree”).

Noun

*ïgač

tree

Declension

Declension of *ïgač

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*ïgač
Accusative	ïgačnï, ïgačnïg ¹⁾
Genitive	*ïgačnïŋ
Dative	*ïgačka
Locative	*ïgačda
Ablative	*ïgačdan
Instrumental ²⁾	*ïgačïn
Equative ²⁾	*ïgačča

¹⁾ Found in early Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

Medieval:
- Kipchak: [script needed] (yīğaç)
- Old Turkic
  - Old Turkic: 𐰃𐰍𐰲‎ (iǧč /ïɣač/)
  - Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ïɣač)
Bulghar
- Chuvash: йывӑҫ (jyvăś)
Karluk
- Karakhanid: يِغَجْ‎ (yïɣaç)
  - Chagatai: ییغاج‎ (yïɣač)
    - Uyghur: ياخاچ‎ (yaxach)
    - Uzbek: yogʻoch
Kipchak
- Aral:
  - Karakalpak: agash
  - Kazakh: ағаш (ağaş)
  - Nogai: агаш (agaş)
- Black Sea:
  - Crimean Tatar: ağaç
  - Karachay-Balkar: агъач (ağaç)
  - Karaim: agač
  - Kumyk: агъач (ağaç)
  - Urum: агач
- Eastern
  - Kyrgyz: жыгач (jıgaç)
  - Southern Altai: агаш (agaš)
- Northern:
  - Bashkir: ағас (ağas)
  - Tatar: агач (ağaç)
Oghuz
- Azerbaijani: ağac
- Gagauz: aaç
- Ottoman Turkish: آغاج‎ (ağaç)
  - Turkish: ağaç
- Salar: agaç
- Turkmen: agaç
Siberian
- Southern Siberian
- Yenisei-Turkic
  - Khakas: ағас (ağas)
  - Shor: ағаш (aɣaš)
- Sayan Turkic
  - Tuvan: ыяш (ıyaş)
  - Tofa: аӄаш (aqaş), неш (neš)
- Western Yugur: yihaš
- Northern Altai: агаш (agaš), агач (agač)

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972), “ığaç:”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 79
Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*ɨ, *ɨ-(ń)gač”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill