Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yạŕ-

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Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yạŕ-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

According to the logic of Turkic per-y, Mongolic per-j, Tungusic per-ń, compared to Proto-Mongolic *jiru- (“to scratch, draw, write”) and Proto-Tungusic *ńiru- (“to draw, write”).

See Proto-Turkic *yüm-, *yum- (“to close (eyes, mouth)”), Proto-Mongolic *jimü-yi- (“to close (eyes, mouth)”) and Proto-Tungusic *ńim- (“to close (eyes)”) which can be a proof of the logic.

The stem does not exist in Siberian Turkic languages, which use the Mongolic *jiru- (“to scratch, draw, write”) instead, likewise a borrowing from yạŕ-.

Verb

*yạŕ-

1. to write

   Synonym: *biti-

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: ҫыр (śyr)
  • → Proto-Mordvinic:
    • Moksha: сёрма (sjorma)
    • Erzya: сёрма (sjorma)
  • →? Hungarian: ír
• Common Turkic: *yaz-

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: yazmaq
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: yazmaq
    • Ottoman Turkish: یازمق‎
      • Turkish: yazmak
  • Turkmen: ýazmak
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: یازماق‎
    • Chagatai: یازماق‎
      • Uzbek: yozmoq
      • Uyghur: يازماق‎‎ (yazmaq‎)
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak
    • Tatar: язу (yazu)
    • Bashkir: яҙыу (yaðıw)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Karachay-Balkar: джазыу (cazıu)
    • Crimean Tatar: yazmaq
    • Kumyk: язмакъ (yazmaq)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Kazakh: жазу (jazu)
    • Karakalpak: жазыў
    • Nogai: язув (yazuv)
  • East Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: жазуу (jazuu)
    • Southern Altai: јас- (ǰas-, “to hit chain, to heal”)

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 984
• Róna-Tas, András; Berta, Árpád; Károly, László (2011) West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica; 84), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, page 459-464
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 193
• Sevortjan, E. V.; Levitskaja, L. S. (1989) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages]‎ (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, page 70-71
• Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*jạŕ-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill