< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic
Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yāg
 | This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
Etymology
Sometimes connected with *jak- (“to rub, to smear”), with the both deriving from hypothetical *jā-, supposedly reflected in Khalaj [script needed] (yaa-, “to churn butter”).
Noun
*yāg
- fat, butter, lard, thick
Declension
Declension of *yāg
| Singular 3) | |
|---|---|
| Nominative | *yāg |
| Accusative | *yāgnï, *yāgnïg 1) |
| Genitive | *yāgnïŋ |
| Dative | *yāgka |
| Locative | *yāgta |
| Ablative | *yāgtan |
| Instrumental 2) | *yāgïn |
| Equative 2) | *yāgča |
1) Found in early Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
2) The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
Descendants
- Oghur:
- Chuvash: ҫу (śu), ҫӑв (śăv)
- Arghu:
- Khalaj: yâağ
- Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
- Azerbaijani: yağ
- Ottoman Turkish: یاغ (yağ)
- Turkish: yağ
- Gagauz: yaa
- Turkmen: ýag
- Salar: yağ
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
- Karluk:
- Karakhanid: ىاغ (yağ)
- Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (yağ)
- Chagatai: یاغ (yağ)
- Uzbek: yoʻg
- Uyghur: ياغ (yagh)
- Chagatai: یاغ (yağ)
- Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (yağ)
- Karakhanid: ىاغ (yağ)
- Kipchak:
- Kipchak: yağ
- Mamluk-Kipchak: [Arabic needed] (yağ), [Arabic needed] (yağ)
- North Kipchak:
- Tatar: яу (yau) (archaic)
- West Kipchak:
- Crimean Tatar: yağ
- Karachay-Balkar: джау (cau)
- Karaim: yağ
- Kumyk: яв (yaw)
- South Kipchak:
- Caspian:
- Kazakh: жау (jau) (archaic)
- Karakalpak: jaw (archaic)
- Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
- Kyrgyz: жоон (joon), жов (jov)
- Southern Altai: јуу (ǰuu)
- Caspian:
- Siberian:
- Old Turkic: [script needed] (yaɣ)
- Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yaɣ)
- Western Yugur: yağ
- North Siberian:
- Dolgan: һыа (hıa)
- Yakut: сыа (sıa)
- South Siberian:
- Sayan Turkic:
- Tuvan: чаг (çag)
- Tofa: [script needed] (čaɣ)
- Yenisei Turkic:
- Khakas: чағ (çağ)
- Shor: чағ (čağ)
- Northern Altai: јаг (ǰag) (Chelkan), дьу (dʹu) (Kumandin)
- Sayan Turkic:
See also
| Foods - *yẹ̄miĺčler, *yẹ̄miĺčsāyïn | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Barley | barley: *arpa | %252C_A_pea_is_a_most_commonly_green.JPG.webp){kind=small} Pea | beans, peas: *burčak |  Wheat | farro: *bodu (>*bodugay>*bogday “wheat”) |
 Jujube | jujube: *yidge |  Strawberry | strawberry: *yidgelek |  Apple | apple: *almïla |
 Hazelnuts | hazelnut: *bōńurï |  Walnuts | walnut: *yaŋgak |  Honey | honey: *bạl |
 Millet | millet: *tạrïg |  Onion | onion: *sogan |  Salt | salt: *tūŕ |
 Egg | egg: *yumurtka |  Butter | butter: *yāg |  Mushroom | mushroom: *kömbe |
Further reading
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 895
- Sevortjan, E. V.; Levitskaja, L. S. (1989) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, page 58
- Tenišev E. R., editor (2001) Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: Leksika [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages: Lexis] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, page 453
- Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*jāg”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill