< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic
Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yaŋgak
 | This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
Etymology
From an unknown verb Proto-Turkic *yaŋ- + *-gak.
Akin to Proto-Mongolic *jixag (“walnut”). Compared also Proto-Tungusic *ńaŋta (“cone, nut, fruit stone”), Orok [script needed] (naŋu-, “to crack nuts”).
Noun
*yaŋgak
- walnut
Declension
Declension of *yaŋgak
| Singular 3) | |
|---|---|
| Nominative | *yaŋgak |
| Accusative | *yaŋgaknï, *yaŋgaknïg 1) |
| Genitive | *yaŋgaknïŋ |
| Dative | *yaŋgakka |
| Locative | *yaŋgakda |
| Ablative | *yaŋgakdan |
| Instrumental 2) | *yaŋgakïn |
| Equative 2) | *yaŋgakča |
1) Found in early Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
2) The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
Descendants
- Oghur:
- → Old Hungarian: gyivó
- Hungarian: dió
- → Old Hungarian: gyivó
- Common Turkic:
- Arghu:
- Khalaj: yağâq
- Oghuz:
- Turkish: yangak (dialectal, Elazığ, Sivas)
- Turkmen: ýaňak
- Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (yağak)
- Uzbek: yong'oq
- Uyghur: ياڭاق (ya'ngaq)
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (yağak)
- Kipchak:
- South Kipchak:
- Caspian:
- Karakalpak: janggʻak
- Kazakh: жаңғақ (jañğaq)
- Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
- Kyrgyz: жаңгак (jaŋgak)
- Caspian:
- South Kipchak:
- Siberian:
- Old Turkic: [script needed] (yağaq)
See also
| Foods - *yẹ̄miĺčler, *yẹ̄miĺčsāyïn | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Barley | barley: *arpa | %252C_A_pea_is_a_most_commonly_green.JPG.webp){kind=small} Pea | beans, peas: *burčak |  Wheat | farro: *bodu (>*bodugay>*bogday “wheat”) |
 Jujube | jujube: *yidge |  Strawberry | strawberry: *yidgelek |  Apple | apple: *almïla |
 Hazelnuts | hazelnut: *bōńurï |  Walnuts | walnut: *yaŋgak |  Honey | honey: *bạl |
 Millet | millet: *tạrïg |  Onion | onion: *sogan |  Salt | salt: *tūŕ |
 Egg | egg: *yumurtka |  Butter | butter: *yāg |  Mushroom | mushroom: *kömbe |
References
- Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*jAŋgak”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill