Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yapurgak

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Clauson derives Proto-Turkic *yapur-gak from *yapur- (“to smooth, level”) +‎ *-gak.

Noun

*yapurgak

(Common Turkic) leaf
Synonym: *bür

Declension

Declension of *yapurgak (Common Turkic)

	singular	plural²⁾
nominative	*yapurgak	*yapurgaklar
accusative
genitive	*yapurgaknïŋ	*yapurgaklarnïŋ
dative	*yapurgakka	*yapurgaklarka
locative	*yapurgakta	*yapurgaklarda
ablative	*yapurgaktan	*yapurgaklardan
instrumental¹⁾		*yapurgaklarïn
equative¹⁾	*yapurgakča	*yapurgaklarča

¹⁾The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Common Turkic languages.
²⁾This plural suffix is used only on Common Turkic, and not in Oghur. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Arghu:
- Khalaj: [script needed] (yarpaq)
Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: yarpaq
  - Ottoman Turkish: یپراق‎ (yaprak), یاپراق‎ (yaprak)
    - Turkish: yaprak
    - Gagauz: yaprak
    - → Ladino: yaprak
    - → Armenian: յափրախ (yapʿrax), ափրաղ (apʿrał)
    - → North Levantine Arabic: يبرق‎ (yabraʾ)
- Salar: yafraq, yarfaq
- Turkmen: ýaprak
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: يَبُرْغاقْ‎ (yapurɣāq)
  - Uyghur: يوپۇرماق‎ (yopurmaq)
  - Uzbek: yaproq
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: япраҡ (yapraq)
  - Tatar: яфрак (yafraq)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: yapraq
  - Karachay-Balkar: чапракъ (çapraq)
  - Kumyk: япыракъ (yapıraq)
- South Kipchak:
  - Karakalpak: жапырақ (japıraq)
  - Kazakh: жапырақ (japyraq)
  - Nogai: япырак (yapırak)
- East Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: жалбырак (jalbırak)
  - Southern Altai: јалбырак (ǰalbïrak)
Siberian:
- Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yapïrğaq)
- North Siberian:
  - Yakut: сэбирдэх (sebirdex)
  - Dolgan: һэбирдэк
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan:
    - Tuvan: чөвүрээ (çövüree)
    - Tofa: чөъпрәә

References

Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*japur-gak”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill