Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yagï

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Comparable to Proto-Tungusic *dagu-r (“friend ,allied kin”) (see Evenki догор (dogor)), Proto-Mongolic *dajin (“war”), (see Mongolian дайн (dajn), Kalmyk дән (dän)),Proto-Koreanic *tōi (“barbarian”) ,(see Korean 되 (doe)).

Noun

*yagï

enemy, war

Declension

Declension of *yagï

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*yagï
Accusative	yagïnï, yagïnïg ¹⁾
Genitive	*yagïnïŋ
Dative	*yagïka
Locative	*yagïda
Ablative	*yagïdan
Instrumental ²⁾	*yagïn
Equative ²⁾	*yagïča

¹⁾ Found in early Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: ҫу (śu, “heathen”)
Common Turkic:

Arghu:
- Khalaj:
Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: yağı
  - Ottoman Turkish: یاغی‏‎ (yağı)
    - Gagauz: yaa
    - Turkish: yağı
- Turkmen: ýagy
  - Turkmen: ýow
- Salar: yağı
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: يَغىٖ‎ (yaɣï̄)
  - Khorezmian: [script needed] (yağı)
    - Chagatai: [script needed] (yağı)
      - Uzbek: yov
      - Uyghur: ياۋ‎ (yaw)
Kipchak:
- Kipchak: [script needed] (yağı)
- Mamluk-Kipchak: [Arabic needed] (yağï)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: yağı
  - Karachay-Balkar: джау (cau), жау (jau)
  - Kumyk: яв (yaw)
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: яу (yaw)
  - Tatar: яу (yau)
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Kazakh: жау (jau)
    - Karakalpak: jaw
    - Nogai: яв (yav)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: жоо (joo)
    - Southern Altai: јуу (ǰuu)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰍𐰃‎ (yağï)
  - Old Uyghur: y'g (yağï)
- North Siberian:
  - Yakut: сыа кар (sıa kar)
- South Siberian:
  - Yenisei Turkic:
    - Khakas: чаа (çaa)
    - Shor: чаа
  - Sayan Turkic:
    - Tofa: чаа (čaa)
    - Tuvan: чаа (çaa)

References

Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*jagɨ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill