Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yabïŕ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

*yabïz, *yawïz, *yamïz

Etymology

Unknown origin. Most of linguistics have been divided to different opinions.

According to Bang-Kaup, the word derived from the unknown hypothetical verb root *yab- and *yam-. And he thinks the word is related to *yablak. The reconstruction of *yam- probably comes from the unknown relationship to *yaman (“bad”) (cf. Turkish yaman). At this point, Proto-Turkic *yaman should be a later form of *yabman, since if it is related to *yabïz and *yablak.

Vámbéry derives the word from the noun roots *yam, yaw and yab; which all they mean foreign, void, vain, bad; and reconstructs as *yabïs. But he doesn't know which suffix has the word equipped.

Räsänen, proposes a derivation from the noun *yabï, *yabu. Which means bad, grabber and greedy. But he doesn't describe which suffix has the word equipped, like Vámbéry.

Clauson derives it as *yab- like Bang-Kaup, but he thinks the word has an additional +‎ *-ïŕ suffix. It seems the suffix *-ïŕ creates a new noun from verbs, as in *söŕ and *tïgïŕ.

Tekin reconstructs the noun as *yabïŕ. But it is not that enough to describe the etymology.

Dankoff and Kelly derives it from *yaw which means bad, weak.

Also the evolution is *yab(ï)- > yabïz > yavız according to Nishanyan.

Adjective

*yabïŕ

bad (?)

Related terms

*yablak (“bad”)
*yabïnč
*yabrïg (“newborn animal or child; child”)
*yabral- (“to make mistake”)
*yačan- (“to be ashamed, embarrassed”)
*yabgan (“unpleasant”)
*yaman (“bad, wicked; sickness”) < (If from earlier *yabman)

Descendants

Common Turkic: yabïz

Oghuz:
- West Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (yavuz)
    - Ottoman Turkish: ياووز‎ (yavuz)
      - Turkish: yavuz (“stern, tough”)
      - Gagauz: yavuz (“brave”)
- East Oghuz:
  - Turkmen: ýowuz
Karluk:
- Chagatai: [script needed] (yawuz, “bad, vile”)
Kipchak:
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: yavuz (“vicious, savage.”)
- East Kipchak:
  - Southern Altai: јабыс (ǰabïs, “bad”)
- South Kipchak:
  - Kazakh: жауыс (jauys, “vicious”)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰉𐰕‎‎ (yabïz)
- Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yavïz)

References

Vámbéry, Ármin (1878) Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Turko-tatarischen Sprachen, Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, page 108
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 176
Clauson, Gerard (1972) An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Tekin, T. (1986). Zetacism and Sigmatism: Main Pillars of the Altaic Theory, Central Asiatic Journal, 30, 141-160
Dankoff, R. / Kelly, J. (1985). Maḥmūd al-Kāšġarī. Compendium of the Turkic Dialects (Dīwān Luγāt at-Turk). Cambridge.
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “yavuz”, in Nişanyan Sözlük