Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-tur

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative forms

*-tür
*-t

Suffix

*-tur

Suffix creating transitive verbs.
‎*kül- (“to laugh”) + ‎*-tur → ‎*kültür- (“to make someone laugh”)
‎*öl- (“to die”) + ‎*-tur → ‎*öltür- (“to make someone die, to kill”)
Suffix creating causative verbs.
‎*yạŕ- (“to write”) + ‎*-tur → ‎*yạŕtur- (“to cause to write”)
Synonyms: *-ür, *-gur

Usage Notes

If the verb has more than one syllable, it takes the form -Ut.
‎*okï- (“to read”) + ‎*-tur → ‎*okït- (“to make someone read, to instruct something or someone”)
‎*öltür- (“to kill”) + ‎*-tur → ‎*öltürt- (“to get someone killed”)

However, if it is added to a verb that has already taken the -Ut form, it does not take the -Ut form a second time, it takes the -tUr form.
‎*okït- (“to instruct something or someone”) + ‎*-tur → ‎*okïttur- (“to cause to instruct something or someone”)
‎*öltürt- (“to get someone killed”) + ‎*-tur → ‎*öltürttür- (“to cause to get someone killed”)

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: -тер (-ter), -тар (-tar)
Common Turkic:

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Ottoman Turkish:
    - Turkish: -tır, -tir, -tur, -tür, -dır, -dir, -dur, -dür
Kipchak:
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Kazakh: -тыр (-tyr), -тір (-tır), -дыр (-dyr), -дір (-dır)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Southern Altai: -тыр (-tïr), -тир (-tir), -тур (-tur), -тӱр (-tür), -дыр (-dïr), -дир (-dir), -дур (-dur), -дӱр (-dür)
Siberian:
- North Siberian:
  - Yakut: -тар (-tar), -тэр (-ter), -тор (-tor), -төр (-tör), -дар (-dar), -дэр (-der), -дор (-dor), -дөр (-dör), -нар (-nar), -нэр (-ner), -нор (-nor), -нөр (-nör), -лар (-lar), -лэр (-ler), -лор (-lor), -лөр (-lör)