< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic
Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/toprak
Proto-Turkic
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *topra- (“to turn into dust, dry out”) + *-k.
Noun
*toprak
- earth, soil
Declension
Declension of *toprak
Singular 3) | |
---|---|
Nominative | *toprak |
Accusative | *topraknï, *topraknïg 1) |
Genitive | *topraknïŋ |
Dative | *toprakka |
Locative | *toprakda |
Ablative | *toprakdan |
Instrumental 2) | *toprakïn |
1) Found in early Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental case has fallen into disuse in many Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
2) The original instrumental case has fallen into disuse in many Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
Descendants
- Oghur:
- Chuvash: тӑпра (tăpra)
- Common Turkic:
- Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish: [Term?]
- Azerbaijani: torpaq
- Ottoman Turkish: طپراق
- Turkish: toprak
- Gagauz: toprak
- East Oghuz:
- Turkmen: toprak
- Old Anatolian Turkish: [Term?]
- Karluk:
- Uzbek: tuproq
- Uyghur: تۇپراق (tupraq)
- Kipchak:
- North Kipchak
- Bashkir: тупраҡ (tupraq)
- Tatar: туфрак (tufraq)
- West Kipchak:
- Crimean Tatar: topraq
- Karachay-Balkar: топракъ (topraq)
- South Kipchak:
- Kazakh: топырақ (topıraq)
- East Kipchak:
- Kyrgyz: топурак (topuraq)
- Southern Altai: тобрак (tobrak)
- North Kipchak
- Siberian:
- North Siberian:
- Yakut: тобурах (toburax)
- South Siberian:
- Sayan Turkic:
- Tuvan: довурак (dovurak)
- Yenisei Turkic:
- Khakas: тобырах (tobırax)
- Shor: тобрақ
- Sayan Turkic:
- North Siberian:
References
- Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*topra-k”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill